Lesson 5: Leaning Theories Flashcards
what is learning?
- Permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, skill and/or behavior as a result of experience.
- Learning enables one to adapt to demands and changing circumstances and is crucial in health care
what is learning theory?
Coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain or predict how people learn
-Psychological and Motor
What are the 3 psychological learning theories
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Humanistic
describe behaviorist learning theory
- Focus on what is directly observable
- View learning as a product of stimulus condition (S) and the response that follows (R)= S-R Model of learning
-Observe responses and then manipulate the environment to bring about intended change
How do you modify a behaviorist’s attitudes and responses (behavior)
- To modify attitudes and responses, behaviorists either alter the stimulus condition in the environment OR change what happens after a response occurs.
- to change behavior, change cognition
For behaviorist learning theory, what are the two types of conditioning?
- ) Respondent Conditioning (Classical or Pavlovian)
- Systematic Desensitization
- Spontaneous Recovery - ) Operant Conditioning
Describe respondent conditioning (classical or pavlovian)
-May occur without conscious thought or awareness
-Importance of stimulus conditions and the associations formed in the learning process
-Basic Model Terms:
NS = Neutral Stimulus
UCS = Unconditioned Stimulus
UCR = Unconditioned Response
CS = Conditioned Stimulus
CR = Conditioned Response
What is systematic desensitization? (2)
Used to reduce fear and anxiety
-Relaxation techniques taught
-Fear stimulus introduced at a nonthreatening level
-No anxiety
After repeated pairings, individual learns no harm from stimulus
what is spontaneous recovery?
Reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response
- Relapse prevention programs
- Ex drug addiction
describe operant conditioning (Skinner)
- Focuses on the behavior of the subject and the reinforcement that occurs after the response
- Reinforcement = stimulus applied after response to ↑ or ↓ the probability the response will be performed again
- *look at PP to see diagrams
For the behaviorist learning theory, students learn through….(3)
Practice
Re-shaping what has been learned
Positive experiences
For the behaviorist learning theory, the teacher’s role is….(3)
Supervisor
Guide learner through programmed instruction
Pre-defined end
What is the goal of behaviorist learning theory?
Change in behavior
cognitive learning is the result of ____,_____,_____, or__________
listening, watching, touching, or experiencing
*processing, storing and recalling stored information
______ is important in cognitive learning. Why?
Perception.
Impacted by past experience, needs, personal motives and attitudes, reference groups and particular structure of the stimulus or situation
what is the goal of cognitive learning?
change in the learner’s mental behavior
Cognitive learning emphasizes…..
- Information Processing
- the thinking process
- Thought, reasoning, the way information is encountered and stored, and memory functioning
what are the 4 stages in cognitive learning?
Stage 1–>Attention to physical/emotional/environmental stimuli
Stage 2 –> Processing of information by the senses
Stage 3 –> Memory Storage – encoding information into STM (either stored in LTM or forgotten)
Stage 4 –> Action or response that the individual makes on the basis of how information was processed and stored
**slide 21
what does cognitive development focus on?
Focuses on qualitative changes in perceiving, thinking and reasoning as individuals grow and mature
according to the cognitive learning theory, adults learn best when….
Self directed Geared toward their learning style Rationale for learning provided Problem oriented approach Use of experience to help others Repetition/review/rehearse
for the humanistic learning approach, motivation is derived from…..
each persons needs, subjective feelings about self and the desire to grow
what is the role of the leader in the humanistic approach?
to be a facilitator, a listener rather than a talker
the humanistic approach Emphasizes the therapeutic relationship … what does this mean?
Healing nature of a relationship between healthcare professional and patient
look at slide 23-24 for more information on humanistic and slide 25 for hierarchy of needs
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