Lesson 5: Leaning Theories

Question 1

what is learning?

Answer 1

• Permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, skill and/or behavior as a result of experience.
• Learning enables one to adapt to demands and changing circumstances and is crucial in health care

Question 2

what is learning theory?

Answer 2

Coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain or predict how people learn
-Psychological and Motor

Question 3

What are the 3 psychological learning theories

Answer 3

Behaviorist
Cognitive
Humanistic

Question 4

describe behaviorist learning theory

Answer 4

• Focus on what is directly observable
• View learning as a product of stimulus condition (S) and the response that follows (R)= S-R Model of learning

-Observe responses and then manipulate the environment to bring about intended change

Question 5

How do you modify a behaviorist’s attitudes and responses (behavior)

Answer 5

• To modify attitudes and responses, behaviorists either alter the stimulus condition in the environment OR change what happens after a response occurs.
• to change behavior, change cognition

Question 6

For behaviorist learning theory, what are the two types of conditioning?

Answer 6

1. ) Respondent Conditioning (Classical or Pavlovian)
   - Systematic Desensitization
   - Spontaneous Recovery
2. ) Operant Conditioning

Question 7

Describe respondent conditioning (classical or pavlovian)

Answer 7

-May occur without conscious thought or awareness
-Importance of stimulus conditions and the associations formed in the learning process
-Basic Model Terms:
NS = Neutral Stimulus
UCS = Unconditioned Stimulus
UCR = Unconditioned Response
CS = Conditioned Stimulus
CR = Conditioned Response

Question 8

What is systematic desensitization? (2)

Answer 8

Used to reduce fear and anxiety
-Relaxation techniques taught
-Fear stimulus introduced at a nonthreatening level
-No anxiety
After repeated pairings, individual learns no harm from stimulus

Question 9

what is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 9

Reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response

• Relapse prevention programs
• Ex drug addiction

Question 10

describe operant conditioning (Skinner)

Answer 10

• Focuses on the behavior of the subject and the reinforcement that occurs after the response
• Reinforcement = stimulus applied after response to ↑ or ↓ the probability the response will be performed again
• *look at PP to see diagrams

Question 11

For the behaviorist learning theory, students learn through….(3)

Answer 11

Practice
Re-shaping what has been learned
Positive experiences

Question 12

For the behaviorist learning theory, the teacher’s role is….(3)

Answer 12

Supervisor
Guide learner through programmed instruction
Pre-defined end

Question 13

What is the goal of behaviorist learning theory?

Answer 13

Change in behavior

Question 14

cognitive learning is the result of ____,_____,_____, or__________

Answer 14

listening, watching, touching, or experiencing

*processing, storing and recalling stored information

Question 15

______ is important in cognitive learning. Why?

Answer 15

Perception.
Impacted by past experience, needs, personal motives and attitudes, reference groups and particular structure of the stimulus or situation

Question 16

what is the goal of cognitive learning?

Answer 16

change in the learner’s mental behavior

Question 17

Cognitive learning emphasizes…..

Answer 17

• Information Processing
• the thinking process
• Thought, reasoning, the way information is encountered and stored, and memory functioning

Question 18

what are the 4 stages in cognitive learning?

Answer 18

Stage 1–>Attention to physical/emotional/environmental stimuli

Stage 2 –> Processing of information by the senses

Stage 3 –> Memory Storage – encoding information into STM (either stored in LTM or forgotten)

Stage 4 –> Action or response that the individual makes on the basis of how information was processed and stored
**slide 21

Question 19

what does cognitive development focus on?

Answer 19

Focuses on qualitative changes in perceiving, thinking and reasoning as individuals grow and mature

Question 20

according to the cognitive learning theory, adults learn best when….

Answer 20

Self directed
Geared toward their learning style
Rationale for learning provided
Problem oriented approach
Use of experience to help others
Repetition/review/rehearse

Question 21

for the humanistic learning approach, motivation is derived from…..

Answer 21

each persons needs, subjective feelings about self and the desire to grow

Question 22

what is the role of the leader in the humanistic approach?

Answer 22

to be a facilitator, a listener rather than a talker

Question 23

the humanistic approach Emphasizes the therapeutic relationship … what does this mean?

Answer 23

Healing nature of a relationship between healthcare professional and patient

Question 24

look at slide 23-24 for more information on humanistic and slide 25 for hierarchy of needs

Answer 24

:)