Lecture 3: Perry's Scheme of Intellectual Development

Question 1

What did William Perry theorize?

Answer 1

• theorized that college students move through 4 positions with respect to intellectual development
• an individual can be at different stages with different subjects at the same time

Question 2

What are Perry’s 4 stages of cognitive development?

Answer 2

Dualism: College 1st year
Multiplicity: 2-4 year
Relativity: 4th year
Commitment: professional

Question 3

describe dualism (3)

Answer 3

• world is view dichotomously. Good/Bad, Right/Wrong. There is a right and a wrong answer
• every problem is solvable, students are to learn the right answers, and that one must obey authorities
• make meaning by seeking out what they believe to be the authority on the subject and accepting that answer as truth
• *little kids

Question 4

When does the transition from dualism to multiplicity begin?

Answer 4

Begins when they find out that those authorities do not have all the answers, Experts disagree, teacher can’t answer a question. Disequilibrium

Question 5

describe Multiplicity (3)

Answer 5

• Honoring diverse views when right answers are not yet known. All opinions are equally valid
• there are two types of problems: solvable, and also problems that the answer is not yet known. In addition, in this stage, students put trust in their own inner voice
• multiple perspectives and opinions-inadequate
• know there are problems that have multiple answers but need facts

Question 6

When does the transition from multiplicity to relativity begin?

Answer 6

Begins with the recognition that opinions need to be supported by facts/evidence in order to be accepted as truth
-the point in which people drop out of college or switch from literature to math

Question 7

Describe relativism (4)

Answer 7

• method of reasoning and knowledge are viewed in context
• understanding that knowledge is based on evidence and supporting arguments
• acceptance of the idea that reasonable people can disagree on issues
• A commitment to relativism signifies the ability to make decisions and choices within a contextual world
• *looking for right answers but answer is different depending on the situation

Question 8

Describe commitment

Answer 8

• Integration of knowledge learned from others with person experience and reflection
• there is an acceptance of uncertainty as part of life**
• students use the combination of personal experience and evidence learned from outside sources to arrive at conclusions
• Highest level
• patients might not be on this level

Question 9

Give some examples of how each of us are at each level at the same time

Answer 9

• At different times in our career/life
• In different areas of practice/life
• In working with different techniques and/or patients
• As the health care environment changes, we will continually move back through these levels

Question 10

Using this scheming system, describe how the 4 levels could be used in the evaluation and treatment of a patient with LBP in PT