Lesson 5 - IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

Question 1

classful mask

Answer 1

A classful mask is the default subnet mask applied to Class A, B, and C IPv4 networks. Specifically, Class A networks have a classful mask of 255.0.0.0, Class B networks have a classful mask of 255.255.0.0, and Class C networks have a classful mask of 255.255.255.0

Question 2

private IP addresses

Answer 2

Specific Class A, B, and C networks have been designed for private use. Although these networks are routable (with the exception of the 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255 address range), within the organization, service providers do not route these private networks over the public Internet

Question 3

loopback

Answer 3

A loopback interface on a network device is a logical (virtual) interface that is often used for testing purposes.

Question 4

octet

Answer 4

A grouping of 8 bits. An IPv4 address consists of four octets (that is, a total of 32 bits).

Question 5

prefix notation

Answer 5

A method of indicating how many bits are in a subnet mask. For example, /24 is prefix notation for a 24-bit subnet mask. Prefix notation is also known as slash notation.

Question 6

slash notation

Answer 6

See Prefix notation

Question 7

dotted-decimal notation

Answer 7

A method of writing an IPv4 address or subnet mask, where groups of 8 bits (called octets) are separated by periods.

Question 8

subnet mask

Answer 8

A 32-bit value (in IPv4) that indicates what portion of the IP address is the network ID versus what portion is the host ID.

Question 9

default gateway

Answer 9

The IP address of a router (or multilayer switch) to which a networked device sends traffic destined for a subnet other than the device’s local subnet.

Question 10

variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)

Answer 10

The process of assigning various subnetwork IDs in the network to issue the appropriate number of IP addresses

Question 11

Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

Answer 11

A legacy broadcast-based protocol used by networked devices to obtain IP address information.

Question 12

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Answer 12

Dynamically assigns IP address information (for example, IP address, subnet mask, DNS server’s IP address, and default gateway’s IP address) to network devices

Question 13

Zeroconf

Answer 13

A technology that performs three basic functions: assigning link-local IP addresses, resolving computer names to IP addresses, and locating network services.

Question 14

link-local IP address

Answer 14

A link-local IP address is a nonroutable IP address usable only on a local subnet.

Question 15

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

Answer 15

Allows a networked device to self-assign an IP address from the 169.254.0.0/16 network. Note that this address is only usable on the device’s local subnet (meaning that the IP address is not routable).

Question 16

borrowed bits

Answer 16

Bits added to a classful subnet mask.

Question 17

block size

Answer 17

The number of IP addresses in a subnet, including the subnet’s address and the subnet’s directed broadcast address

Question 18

classless interdomain routing (CIDR)

Answer 18

Shortens a classful subnet mask by removing right-justified 1s from a classful mask. As a result, CIDR allows contiguous classful networks to be aggregated. This process is sometimes called route aggregation

Question 19

unicast

Answer 19

A unicast communication flow is a one-to-one flow.

Question 20

multicast

Answer 20

A multicast communication flow is a one-to-many flow.

Question 21

anycast

Answer 21

An anycast communication flow is a one-to-nearest (from the perspective of a router’s routing table) flow

Question 22

tunneling

Answer 22

Transmitting traffic with additional encapsulation.

Question 23

dual stack

Answer 23

The ability of a network interface to run multiple protocols, such as IP and IPv6

Question 24

router advertisement

Answer 24

Routers advertise their presence together with various link and Internet parameters, either periodically or in response to a Router Solicitation message

Question 25

neighbor discovery

Answer 25

Any process whereby network elements can discover each other on the network. In the case of EIGRP, hello packets are used, for example

Question 26

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Version 6

Answer 26

The IPv6 version of DHCP.

Question 27

Extended Unique Identifier-64 (EUI-64)

Answer 27

A method in IPv6 to calculate a unique host address portion for a node.