Lesson 5 - Explaining IPv4 Addressing Flashcards
How many bits is an ipv4 address?
An IPv4 address is 32 bits long. In its raw form, it appears as follows:
11000110001100110110010000000001
What is forwarding at layer 2 is referred to as?
switching
What is forwarding at layer 3 is referred to as?
routing
what is needed for a node on a subnet to communicate with a node on another subnet?
router
what do nodes on a subnet use to communicate with other nodes on the subnet?
MAC addresses
what does a router do if no suitable path is available?
the router drops the packet and informs the host that it could not be delivered.
What performs the task of resolving an IP address to a hardware address?
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) performs the task of resolving an IP address to a hardware address.
When an IPv4 host wants to send a packet to a single recipient, what is used?
When an IPv4 host wants to send a packet to a single recipient, it uses a unicast packet, addressed to the IP address of the destination host.
what is a means of addressing multiple hosts?
One means of addressing multiple hosts is to perform a broadcast. A broadcast can be performed by sending a packet to the network or subnet’s broadcast address. The broadcast address is the last address in any IP network, or put another way, the address in any IP network where all the host bits are set to 1.
What is Multicasting?
IPv4 multicasting allows one host on the Internet (or private IP network) to send content to other hosts that have identified themselves as interested in receiving the originating host’s content. Multicast packets are sent to a destination IP address from a special range configured for use with that multicast group.
What if the switch is not multicast-capable?
If the switch is not multicast-capable, it will treat multicast like a broadcast and flood the multicast transmissions out of all ports.
how do you recieve multicasts?
The intent to receive multicasts from a particular host is signaled by joining a multicast group. The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is typically used to configure group memberships and IP addresses.
What is Anycast Addressing?
Anycast Addressing
Anycast means that a group of hosts are configured with the same IP address. When a router forwards a packet to an anycast group, it uses a prioritization algorithm and metrics to select the host that is “closest” (that will receive the packet and be able to process it the most quickly). This allows the service behind the IP address to be provisioned more reliably. It allows for load balancing and failover between the server hosts sharing the IP address.
why are vlans used?
If too many hosts are attached to the same switch, broadcast traffic can become excessive and reduce performance. At layer 2, virtual LANs (VLANs) are a means of addressing this issue. Each interface on a managed switch can be assigned a VLAN ID. Also can be used to segment traffic. It is useful to divide a network into logically distinct zones for security and administrative control.
Networks that use different physical and data link technologies, such as Token Ring and Ethernet, should be logically separated as different subnets.
What is 0.0.0.0/8 used for?
0.0.0.0/8-Used when a specific address is unknown. This is typically used as a source address by a client seeking a DHCP lease.
