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Empowerment Technology > Lesson 5: Computer Hardware > Flashcards

Lesson 5: Computer Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

Computers are ______ machines, meaning they only understand two states —on and off, represented by a 0 and a 1o

A

Binary

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2
Q

short for binary digit

A

Bit

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3
Q

the smallest unit of data a computer can process

A

Bit

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4
Q

Eight bits together is called a ____

A

Byte

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5
Q

roughly equivalent to one character

A

Byte

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6
Q

a connector located on the system case that you use to plug peripheral devices into the computer; attached to a bus on the motherboard

A

Port

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7
Q

a sequence of electronic circuitry used to transfer data among computer components

A

Bus

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8
Q

one of the most common types of buses, which you can use to connect 127 different devices to a single USB port

A

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

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9
Q
  • is a device that contains a number of USB ports and plugs into a single USB port on a computer
A

USB hub

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10
Q

another type of bus, which was developed by Apple as a high-speed method for connecting multimedia devices such as video cameras to a computer

A

FireWire or IEEE 1394

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11
Q

connects speakers, headphones, and microphones

A

Audio

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12
Q

connects the computer to a wired network using an Ethernet cable

A

RJ-45

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13
Q

standards for connecting display monitors

A

Video Graphics Array (VGA) High-Definition and Multimedia Interface (HDMI)

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14
Q

also called circuit boards

A

Expansion Cards or Adapter Cards

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15
Q

can be plugged into expansion slots on the motherboard of a desktop or server computer

A

Expansion Cards

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16
Q

expand the capabilities of the computer or let you attach a peripheral device to the computer

A

Expansion Cards

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17
Q

mobile computers use ___________ modules and ___ adapters, which are smaller than expansion cards and are plugged into slots or ports that you access outside of the system unit

A

ExpressCard; USB

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18
Q

a peripheral device you use to enter data and commands into a computer

A

Input Device

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19
Q

can be as simple as a keyboard or as sophisticated as equipment used for voice recognition

A

Input Device

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20
Q

the most common input device for entering text and numbers into a computer

A

Keyboards

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21
Q

can be built into the computer, attached using a cable, or connected using a wireless connection

A

Keyboards

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22
Q

designed to provide comfort and avoid stress or fatigue to your hands, wrists, and arms

A

Ergonomic Keyboard

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23
Q

include specialized keys that represent specific items for input such as food orders, and are used in fast-food restaurants and other workplaces

A

Specialized Keyboard

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24
Q

primarily used with mobile devices

A

Foldable or Flexible

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25
Q

is an input device you use to position the pointer on the screen

A

Pointing Device

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26
Q

a pointing device that fits comfortably in the palm of your hand

A

Mouse

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27
Q

Types of Mice: (OWT)

A
  1. Optical
  2. Wireless
  3. Touch
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28
Q

also called a trackpad

A

Touchpad

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29
Q

a touch-sensitive surface that can convert the motion and position of your fingers to a relative position on screen

A

Touchpad

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30
Q

have a touch-sensitive surface that overlays the screen and responds to the electrical impulses in your fingertips

A

Touchscreens

31
Q

a pen-like writing instrument that works with touchscreens

A

Stylus

32
Q

For drawing, writing, or tapping on a screen

A

Stylus

33
Q

sound entered into a computer, and includes speech, sound effects, and music

A

Audio Input

34
Q

types of pointing devices you use when playing games, or as adaptive equipment when you need an alternative to a mouse

A

Game Controllers

35
Q

are devices that can change images into codes that the computer accepts as input

A

Scanners

36
Q

a security technique using automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physical characteristic

A

Biometrics

37
Q

desktop computers typically use a _______ as their display device

A

monitor

38
Q

manipulates light with a layer of liquid crystal cells to produce an image

A

liquid crystal display (LCD)

39
Q

are lightweight, display images clearly, and use energy efficiently

A

liquid crystal display (LCD)

40
Q

form images by combining pixels of color

A

Display Screens

41
Q

short for picture element

A

Pixel

42
Q

the smallest surface area that can contain color on a display device

A

Pixel

43
Q

number of pixels displayed on a screen

A

Screen Resolution

44
Q

determines the amount of information that can be displayed at one time

A

Screen Resolution

45
Q

connects to a computer and projects images onto a wall screen or other large, flat surface

A

Projector

46
Q

bounces lights off microscopic mirrors on a computer chip

A

Digital Light Processing (DLP)

47
Q

produce a paper copy, or hard copy, of processing results

A

Printers

48
Q

Measured in pages per minute (ppm)

A

Speed

49
Q

Measured in dots per inch (dpi)

A

Print Quality

50
Q

Includes the original cost of the printer and what it costs for the ink or toner

A

Price

51
Q

Types of Output Devices (SHE)

A
  1. Speakers
  2. Headphones
  3. Earbuds
52
Q

are the physical materials used to store data, such as disks and DVDs

A

Storage Media

53
Q

the equipment that records and retrieves data from storage media

A

Storage Device

54
Q

include hard drives, CD/DVD drives, and USB flash drives

A

Storage Device

55
Q

refers to a storage device and the media it uses

A

Storage Technology

56
Q

maximum amount of data a medium can store

A

Capacity

57
Q

Measured by access time and the data transfer rate

A

Speed

58
Q

the average number of milliseconds (ms) it takes a computer to retrieve data from the storage device

A

Access Time

59
Q

determines how much data the storage device can move per second from the storage media to the computer

A

Data Transfer Rate

60
Q

main storage device in a computer

A

Hard Drive

61
Q

contain a stack of disks made of aluminum or glass that are coated with magnetic iron oxide particles

A

Hard Disk Drive

62
Q

refers to how fast the platters spin when the read/write head is accessing data.

A

Revolutions per minute (rpm)

63
Q

the higher the rpm, the faster the read/write heads can locate specific data

A

RPM

64
Q

uses flash memory technology to store data as electrical rather than magnetic charges

A

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

65
Q

have no moving parts, so they are more durable and reliable than mechanical hard drives

A

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

66
Q

consume less power, generate less heat, and retrieve data more quickly, making them a good alternative for tablets and other mobile devices

A

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

67
Q

a separate, freestanding high-capacity storage device that you attach to a computer, usually using a USB port

A

External Hard Drives

68
Q

use the same solid-state technology as internal SSDs do

A

Portable Drives

69
Q

smallest types

A

Memory Cards

70
Q

another type of solid-state storage media

A

USB flash drives

71
Q

uses lasers to read and write data on plastic platters that contain a metal layer, which reflects the laser light back to a sensor in an optical drive

A

Optical Storage Devices

72
Q

Examples of Optical Media

A

compact discs (CDs) and DVDs are called discs

73
Q

More recent type of optical storage media; provides more than fie times the storage capacity of a traditional DVD

A

Blu-ray disc

Empowerment Technology (7 decks)

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