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Anatomy and Physiology for Sleep > Lesson 5- CNS > Flashcards

Lesson 5- CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nerve fiber

A

axon or dendrite

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2
Q

What does a nerve consist of?

A

bundle of nerve fibers in the PNS

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3
Q

What is a nerve tract?

A

bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS

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4
Q

What does gray matter consist of?

A

unmyelinated neurons (cell bodies dendrites, and axon terminals) & neuroglia in the CNS

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5
Q

nuclei?

ganglia?

A

clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

clusters of cell bodies in the PNS (except the basal ganglia, which are called basal nuclei)

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6
Q

What are vesicles?

A

fluid filled cavities in the brain formed during early development

The tissues that form the vessicles divide to become various components of the brain

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7
Q

what are ventricles?

A

interconnected cavities in the mature brain that originate from the fluid-filled vesicles.

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8
Q

what does circulating fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) do?

A

provides nourishment for nervous tissue- located in the ventricles.

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9
Q

What two components does the nervous system consist of?

A

CNS- brain and spinal cord

PNS-nerves outside the CNS

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10
Q

What are the 4 parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum (forebrain
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Cerebellum (hindbrain)

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11
Q

Cerebrum functions

Composed of how many lobes?

A

involved in higher brain functions (thinking)

largest part and most visible

frontal, perietal, the temporal, and the occiptal lobes

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12
Q

diencephalon connects what to the brain stem?

A

cerebrum

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13
Q

What major regions make up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus

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14
Q

The thalamus is a relay station for what?

A

sensory nerve impulses traveling from the spinal cord to the cerebru,

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15
Q

The thalamus is responsible for pacing what rhythmic activity?

A

EEG activity- such as alpha waves and sleep spindles

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16
Q

The thalamus plays a role in evaluating what sensations?

A

pain, pressure, and temperature.

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17
Q

The epithalamus contains what gland?

A

the pineal gland

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18
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

melatonin- which is the hormone that helps regulate the biological clock (sleep wake cycles)

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19
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

A

It controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates emotion, behavior, hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the biological clock.

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20
Q

The brainstem connects the diencephalon to what?

What does the brainstem contain?

A

The spinal cord

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

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21
Q

What centers does the midbrain contain?

A

auditory and visual reflex centers

22
Q

The pons is the bulging region in the middle of where?

A

The brain stem

23
Q

The pons serves as a neural transmission station to the cerebellum and controls what?

A

facial movements and sensations

24
Q

The pons is involved in the control of REM sleep and what?

A

respiration

25
Q

The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem that merges with the spinal cord at what?

A

foramen magnum

26
Q

The medulla oblongata assists in controlling what actions?

A

circulation, breathing, yawning, coughing, sneezing, gagging, and many other involuntary actions

27
Q

The cerebellum controls coordination, balance, and voluntary movement by doing what?

A

comparing actual skeletal movements to the movement that was intended.

28
Q

What layers is the brain composed of?

A

meninges and the cortex

29
Q

The meninges are protective coverings of the brain (cranial meninges) and spinal cord (spinal meninges), composed of what (from the outside in)

A

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater.

30
Q

Dura mater is the tough outer layer lying just inside where?

A

the skull and vertebrae

31
Q

The arachnoid is the middle what?

A

meninx (singular form of meninges)

32
Q

The pia mater is the innermost what?

A

meninx layer

33
Q

The cortex (gray matter) is divided into what?

A

hemispheres, left and right.

34
Q

The hemispheres of the cortex (gray matter) are connected by what?

A

corpus callosum

35
Q

The cerebrum is divided into what lobes?

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

36
Q

The frontal lobe (in front) is responsible for what?

A

foresight, judgement, personality, and several motor functions.

37
Q

The parietal lobe (top sides) give us appreciation of?

A

quality, shape, size, sensations of pain, temperature, and touch as well as speech.

38
Q

The occipital lobe (in back) is primary involved with?

A

vision

39
Q

The temporal lobe (bottom sides) is responsible for ?

A

short term memory, smell, and hearing.

40
Q

The outer cortical surface is covered with convoluted fissures called?

A

sulci

41
Q

The elevations around the sulci are called?

A

gyri

42
Q

Inside the brain, there are four internal chambers called?

A

ventricles

43
Q

The brain and spinal cord are bathed in?

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

44
Q

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is manufactured by the what?

A

choroid plexuses located within each ventricle.

45
Q

CSF provides what functions?

A

absorbs physical shocks to the brain, distributes nutritive materials to and removes wastes from nervous tissues, provides a chemically stable environment.

46
Q

On either side of the third ventricle are clusters of nuclei that compose what?

A

thalamus

47
Q

The thalamus is involved in what?

A

sensory perception

48
Q

Below the thalamus is what

A

the hypothalamus

49
Q

Beneath the cortex is the central white matter composed of three types of fibers. What are those fibers?

A

projection fibers, commissural fibers, and association fibers.

50
Q

Projection fibers connect the cerebrum to what?

A

The spinal cord

51
Q

Commissural fibers connect gyri within what

A

hemispheres

52
Q

Association fibers connect what

A

cerebral hemispheres

Anatomy and Physiology for Sleep (5 decks)

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