Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HSTCYT > LESSON 5: CLEARING > Flashcards

LESSON 5: CLEARING Flashcards

1
Q

otherwise referred to as fluidity

A

VISCOSITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

benign overgrowth usually composed of

muscle tissue and fibers

A

FIBROID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

benzene ring with two methyl groups

A

XYLENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

methyl benzene

A

TOLUENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CHCl4

A

CHLOROFORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CCl4

A

CARBONTETRACHLORIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

C6H6

A

BENZENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

substances that cause malignancy

A

CARCINOGENIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

combustible

A

FLAMMABLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cyclic organic compounds

A

AROMATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

✓ Removal of dehydrating agent from the tissues and replacing it by a
solvent → transparent & translucent tissue
✓ Not all dealcoholizing agents act as clearing agents
✓ Clearing agents only: glycerin, gum syrup and Brun’s solution
✓ Dealcoholizing agents only: chloroform and carbon tetrachloride

A

CLEARING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

➢ Done after dehydration & before infiltration
➢ Solvent: dealcoholize and act as solvent of paraffin
➢ Agents: xylene, toluene, dioxane and chloroform

A

Clearing in Embedding (TISSUE PROCESSING)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

➢ Done after staining & before mounting
➢ microscopic preparations transparent (use of solvents with high refractive
index)
➢ Agents must be solvents of the Mounting media: xylene, toluene, terpineol,
carbol-xylene

A

Clearing in Mounting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Refractive index of clearing agents: approximately equal to that of the tissues

A

For the purpose of making the tissues transparent so that their internal structure is demonstrable to the naked eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

✓ Should be miscible with dehydrating agent and either infiltrating medium or mounting
medium
✓ Should remove alcohol quickly & clear quickly without overhardening the tissues
✓ Should not dissolve out aniline dyes
✓ Should not evaporate quickly in the water baths
✓ Evaporates quickly in paraffin oven
✓ Could be used in amounts at least 10Xthe volume of tissue

A

Characteristics of an Ideal Clearing Agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Agents with low BP are readily replaced by

A

paraffin (Except chloroform)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leads to slow penetration

A

Higher viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

does not affect the rate but affects the quality of cleared tissue

A

Refractive Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

▪ Special considerations should be noted depending on the clearing agent used
▪ Some reagents will not clear tissues

A

Reagent Used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

✓ Most rapid (15 - 30 mins/ 30 min – 1 hr)
✓ Excellent clearing agent but tends to make tissues excessively hard & brittle.
✓ Turns milky when dehydration is not complete

A

Xylene/Xylol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

✓ Rapid agent (15 – 60 mins)

✓ Carcinogenic, causes aplastic anemia

A

Benzene

22
Q

✓ Similar to xylene but does NOT harden tissues nearly so much
✓ Slower than xylene or benzene (1 – 2 hrs)
✓ Not carcinogenic but emits toxic fumes

A

Toluene/Toluol

23
Q

✓ For nervous tissues, lymph nodes & embryos
✓ Tissue do not become translucent
✓ Best for large specimens (up to 1cm thick) and tough tissues
✓ Toxic to the liver on prolonged inhalation
✓ Tissues tend to float: remedy → wrap tissues with absorbent cotton gauze

A

Chloroform

24
Q

✓ Recommended for CNS, smooth muscles & skin
✓ Slow (2 – 3 days); minimal shrinkage
✓ For both celloidin and paraffin sections
✓ Tissue floats – use Absolute alcohol to prevent drying out of tissues
✓ Must be followed by immersion in xylene or benzene to remove oil from tissues
✓ Turns milky on prolonged storage

A

Cedarwood oil

25
Q

✓ Clears 70% alcohol

✓ Recommended for embryos, insects and delicate specimens

A

Aniline oil

26
Q

✓ Slow; may be adulterated; removes aniline dyes

A

Clove Oil

27
Q

✓ Similar to chloroform

A

CCl4

28
Q

Both dehydrating and clearing

A

Dioxane

29
Q

For large pieces of tissues & embryonic materials

A

Amyl acetate

30
Q

Substitute for cedarwood oil

A

Terpineol

31
Q

Used in double embedding.

A

Methyl

Benzoate/Salicylate

32
Q

when the tissue is to be cleared directly from water (no dealcoholization,
it merely improves the RI)

A

Glycerin, Gum
syrup & Brun’s
solution

33
Q

✓ For materials that are difficult to clear (eg. Thick mucinous
Papanicolaou smears)
✓ Should be thoroughly rinsed in xylene prior to mounting

A

Carbo - Xylene

34
Q

✓ Oil of bergamot
✓ Phenol in alcohol
✓ Creosote

A

Others USED FOR CLEARING

35
Q

✓ Based on limonene: a volatile oil found in citrus peels

✓ Clearite - Long chain aliphatic HC

A

Newer Clearing agents

36
Q

Most commonly used and most rapid clearing agent

A

Xylene

37
Q
  • Rapid-acting and clears tissues without causing hardness or brittleness
  • Causes aplastic anemia
A

Benzene

38
Q

Used as a substitute for xylene and benzene

A

Toluene

39
Q
  • Versatile reagents as they can be used for different types of tissues
  • Used for delicate as well as tough tissue samples
A

CHCl3 and CCl4

40
Q

Recommended for CNS, smooth muscle and skin tissues

A

Cedarwood oil

41
Q

organ affected by chloroform toxicity

A

LIVER

42
Q

factor that does not affect clearing rate

A

R.I.

43
Q

turns milky if dehydration is incomplete

A

XYLENE

44
Q

clearing in _______; reagent should be

miscible in the stain

A

MOUNTING

45
Q

BP of chloroform compared to xylene

A

LOWER

46
Q

anemia caused by benzene

A

APLASTIC

47
Q

clearing agent that is prone to adulteration

A

CLOVE OIL

48
Q

also known as artificial oil of lilac

A

TERPINEOL

49
Q

turns milky on prolonged storage

A

CEDARWOOD OIL

50
Q

Aromatic oil used for insects

A

ANILINE

HSTCYT (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions