LESSON 1

Question 1

preparation, processing and staining of tissue sections for

microscopic study to be interpreted by the pathologist

Answer 1

HISTOTECHNIQUES

Question 2

study of disease at the tissue level

Answer 2

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Question 3

examined to determine the cause of death

Answer 3

Autopsy Materials

Question 4

otherwise referred to as surgical or biopsy materials; examined to provide
a diagnosis

Answer 4

Surgical Materials

Question 5

removal of cells from the area of abnormality
➢ considered as the simplest and least invasive method of collecting biopsy
specimens
➢ method of collection for fluid-containing tumors

Answer 5

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION

Question 6

removal of cells and small amount of surrounding tissue

Answer 6

CORE NEEDLE BIOSY

Question 7

removal of cells with more surrounding tissue

Answer 7

INCISIONAL BIOPSY

Question 8

removal of the entire area in question
➢ Ensure complete removal of the lesion
➢ Confirm that the diagnosis is correct

Answer 8

EXCISIONAL BIOPSY

Question 9

removal of 3 to 4 mm cylindrical core of tissue samples
➢ small: 2mm; large: 4mm
➢ lesion should be at the center

Answer 9

PUNCH BIOPSY

Question 10

removal of small fragments of tissue from a surface

Answer 10

SHAVE BIOPSY

Question 11

removal of tissue or growths from body cavities

Answer 11

CURETTINGS

Question 12

Storage of Specimen

Answer 12

1 month to 1 year

Question 13

Storage of Tissue Blocks

Answer 13

3 to 10 years

Question 14

Storage of Slides

Answer 14

Indefinite

Question 15

Storage of Records (request and result forms)

Answer 15

Permanent

Question 16

1. Structural and chemical components to be studied
2. Nature and amount of sample to be evaluated
3. The need to provide an immediate diagnosis

Answer 16

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN CHOOSING A METHOD

Question 17

➢ No fixative required
➢ Examined using a Brightfield or Phase-Contrast microscope
➢ Stained with supravital or differential dyes

Answer 17

FRESH TISSUE EXAMINATION

Question 18

✓ Observation of physiologic processes or protoplasmic activities (motion, mitosis,
phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
✓ Relatively simple and easy to perform

Answer 18

ADVANTAGES OF FRESH TISSUE EXAMINATION

Question 19

✓ Limited use

✓ Liable to develop changes observed after death (putrefaction and autolysis)

Answer 19

DISADVANTAGES OF FRESH TISSUE EXAMINATION

Question 20

✓ Dissection or separation of tissue components in NSS or Ringer’s solution
✓ Examined as stained or unstained
✓ Anatomical relationship is destroyed

Answer 20

TEASING

Question 21

✓ Tissue (<1mm) is sandwiched between two slides
✓ Stain is applied on one side of the slide and allowed to spread via capillary
action

Answer 21

SQUASH

Question 22

▪ for cytological studies, especially for the diagnosis of cancer
▪ for sections or sediments
▪ performed using a wire loop, applicator stick or another slide

Answer 22

SMEARING

Question 23

✓ Uniform distribution in a direct or zigzag manner

Answer 23

Smearing-Streaking

Question 24

✓ Thick or mucoid specimens
✓ Teasing on a slide
✓ Maintains intercellular relationship

Answer 24

Smearing-Spreading

Question 25

✓ For the preparation of blood and bone marrow smears

Answer 25

Smearing-Pull-Apart

Question 26

✓ One side of a slide is allowed to touch a surface of the sample ✓ Intercellular relationship is maintained

Answer 26

Smearing-Touch | Preparation

Question 27

✓ Prepared using freezing microtome or cryostat ✓ For rapid diagnosis ✓ For delicate specimens

Answer 27

FROZEN SECTION

Question 28

➢ Performed by the medical technologist ➢ Check label and request form ➢ The specimen is given a label (numeric or alpha-numeric) which allows easy accessioning/identification ➢ Request form should have a provisional diagnosis and brief clinical details

Answer 28

Specimen Accessioning/Identification

Question 29

➢ Performed by the pathologist ➢ Describing the sample macroscopically ➢ Weight and dimensions of the sample are determined

Answer 29

Gross Examination and Sampling

Question 30

Tissue Processing

Answer 30

``` ➢ Fixation ➢ Dehydration ➢ Clearing ➢ Infiltration ➢ Embedding ➢ Sectioning (+ Floating, Fishing-out, Drying) ➢ Staining ➢ Mounting ➢ Labelling ```

Question 31

✓ Used to locate the presence and position of mineral elements in the tissue ✓ Two duplicate sections of alcohol-fixed tissues

Answer 31

MICROINCINERATION

Question 32

✓ Injection of radioactive isotopes into organs Fix→Section→Mount + Photographic Emulsion (Ag Halide)→Stain ✓ Determines the relationship and location of the isotopes and cells to be studied ✓ Provides qualitative and quantitative information

Answer 32

AUTORADIOGRAPHY

Question 33

process that makes use of aromatic oils

Answer 33

CLEARING

Question 34

reagent used to preserve tissues

Answer 34

FIXATIVE

Question 35

dye used in fresh tissue preparation & | examination

Answer 35

SUPRAVITAL

Question 36

reagent for dehydration

Answer 36

ALCOHOL

Question 37

performed to provide optical differentiation

Answer 37

STAINING

Question 38

process of removing water from the tissue sample

Answer 38

DEHYDRATION

Question 39

first step in tissue processing

Answer 39

FIXATION

Question 40

cutting embedded tissues into very thin slices

Answer 40

SECTIONING

Question 41

process of replacing aromatic oil with paraffin

Answer 41

INFILTRATION

Question 42

also known as blocking or casting

Answer 42

EMBEDDING