Lesson 5: Blood Processes Flashcards
what is another word for blood clotting
coagulation
what is coagulation used for
patching up leaks; it provides a temporary seal for the vessel until it can heal itself and close the hole
what do platelets do at the site of the damage
they clump together at the site of the damage and release prothrombin activator
what does prothrombin activator do
it converts prothrombin in the plasma into thrombin
what does thrombin do
it cleaves fibrinogen molecules into long threads of fibrin
what do the fibrin threads do
they wrap themselves around the clump of platelets and erythrocytes which bind them together more strongly
why does the blood clot need to be removed once cell repair begins
clotting will decrease the vessel’s efficiency or leads to other potential problems(like large blood clot formation).
how does degradation of the blood clot happen
it happens when the ENZYME plasmin breaks down the fibrin threads
what happens to the platelets after the degradation of the blood clot
they un-clump or are destroyed/recycled depending on their age
what are stem cells
a type of cell that has the potential to differentiate into almost any other type of cell.
what do the cells that are found in blood start as
they start as these stem cells
where do stem cells originate from and where do they start to differentiate at
they originate from the bone marrow and start to differentiate here as well
what is interstitial fluid
(aka tissue fluid,) it is the fluid that exists outside of the tissues
what is the function of interstitial fluid
it acts as a medium through which molecules can move toward their target cells
what is responsible for the pressure exerted on cells/tissues
interstitial fluid
what is osmotic pressure
the pressure exerted on cells/tissues
what uses tissue fluid as a medium between the capillaries and their target cells
oxygen, nutrients, hormones and miscellaneous organic molecules
where and at which circuit(s) does molecular exchange occur
at the capillaries of both the pulmonary and systemic circuits
what causes the movement of fluid across the capillary walls
osmotic pressure and blood pressure
where is the blood pressure higher than the osmotic pressure
at the arteriole end(of the capillary)
where is the blood pressure lower than the osmotic pressure
at the venule end of the capillary(of the capillary)
what happens with water where the blood pressure is higher
water moves across the capillary wall to the tissues from the blood
what happens with water where the blood pressure is lower than the osmotic pressure
water moves across the capillary wall from the tissues to the blood
what is blood pressure
the pressure of circulating blood AGAINST the walls of the blood vessels
when would blood pressure be high
when there is a large amount of blood in a given area
when would blood pressure be low
when there is a small amount of blood in a given area
what factors are blood pressure related to
distance from the heart, viscosity of blood, diameter of the blood vessels and local factors of the vessel(ex. muscle surrounding it)
what does viscosity mean
thickness
how has blood pressure been measured traditionally
using a sphygmomanometer
how does a sphygmomanometer measure blood pressure
it measures the amount of pressure required to cut off blood flow through the branchial artery
what are the units used in measuring pressure
mm Hg
what is blood pressure used for(in terms of our health)
it acts as an indicator of the body’s overall health
what is hypertension
when blood pressure deviates much higher than the 120/80 mm Hg reading
what is hypotenstion
when blood pressure deviates much lower than the 120/80 mm Hg reading
what is the branchial artery(just in case)
the major blood vessel supplying blood to your upper arm, elbow, forearm and hand
