lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q

development of science and technology

A

human civilization

[how humans have grown and organized themselves into societies over time.]

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2
Q

Bearer and beneficiary of science and technology and it is a pursuit of good life

A

human person

[Bearer and beneficiary of science and technology – Humans create science and technology and also benefit from using them.
Pursuit of good life (Acquire, Consume, Destroy) – In trying to live a good life, people get things, use them, and sometimes harm the environment.]

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3
Q

it is part of the human life and merits reflective and mediative thinking

A

Science and Technology
- gives meaning to life

[ We should think deeply about how we use science and technology and their effects on us and the world.
When used wisely, science and technology can help us live better, solve problems, and find purpose.]

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4
Q

German philosopher of the 20th century and why did he became controversial

A

Martin Heidegger
- opposed positivism

controversial:
He became controversial because he joined the Nazi Party in 1933.
Because of that, he was removed from teaching at the University of Freiburg (1949–1951).
Many people say his philosophy was affected by his political beliefs, which makes his work hard to separate from his actions.

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5
Q

who opposed positivism

A

Martin Heidegger

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6
Q

what are Martin Heidegger Philosophical work & Popular Works

A

Philosophical work:
(focused on deep questions about existence and being.)
* ontology (study of being)
* dasein (being)

Popular Works:
* Seinsvergessenheit (Forgetfulness of being)
[People have forgotten to ask the deep questions about existence.]
* Bodenstandigkeit (Rootedness in soil)
[Staying connected to one’s culture, place, or origins.]
* Wesensverfassung (Essential constitution)
[The true nature or structure of something.]

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7
Q

‘The essence of technology is by no means anything technological.’

A

Martin Heidegger (1977)

[Technology is not just tools or machines.
Its true nature is about how we see and understand the world.

For example:
Using a phone isn’t just about calling—it changes how we connect, think, and live.
So, technology shapes human life and values, not just our gadgets.
“Heidegger: Tech is deeper than tools.”]

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8
Q

what are the 2 definitions of technology

A

Instrumental (Technology is a means to an end):
* Technology is viewed as a tool and varies in usage
* Technology is an instrument aimed at getting things done
[helps get things done pr makes tasks easier - abt functions and usefulness
example:
Microscope – lets us see tiny organisms
RT-PCR – detects viruses like COVID-19
Thermal Cycler – amplifies DNA in labs]

Anthropological:
* Human activity to achieve an end
* Production of technological equipment, tools and machine and the purpose and
function they serve
[a human activity - create,, use and improve it - not just about the tool, but also the process and purpose behind it.
shows r/s btwn humans and technology
examples:
Inventing and using RT-PCR
Designing machines, improving them, and deciding how and why we use them]

Instrumental: “Tool to reach a goal.”
Anthropological: “Human-made process for a purpose.”

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9
Q

True vs. Correct

A

Heidegger said that correct is not always the same as true.
We often focus on what’s correct (like how a phone works or how to use it), but we need to look deeper to understand the truth behind it.
Truth comes from experiencing and understanding things in a deeper, more meaningful way.
[Example:
Correct: A phone works because you can make calls and text.
True: The deeper truth is that the phone has transformed how we connect with others and even how we view relationships and communication. It shows that we can be “connected” even when physically apart.]
Technology works (correct), but its impact and meaning (true) are deeper.

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10
Q

technology as a way of revealing

A

Heidegger believed that technology isn’t just about tools.
It reveals something deeper about humans and the world.
Technology “brings forth the truth”, showing us new ways to understand reality and existence.

[Example:
Think about artificial intelligence. AI reveals how we view intelligence, creativity, and even humanity. It’s not just a tool, but a way of seeing how technology is changing what it means to think or to be human.]

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11
Q

technology as a means to an end

A

Technology is a tool that helps us get things done (a means to an end), but Heidegger suggests we look beyond the simple function of technology and think about its larger impact on how we live.

[example:
A microscope is a tool used to see tiny organisms. The correct view is that it helps us examine cells or bacteria. The deeper truth is that microscopes have revolutionized science, helping us discover diseases, medicines, and understand life at a microscopic level. It shows how our technology impacts how we see life itself.]

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12
Q

technology as a human activity

A

Not just about machines
It’s also a human activity
About how we create, use, and improve technology to achieve a goal or purpose

[example:
RT-PCR (a test for detecting viruses like COVID-19) is a human-created technology. Its purpose is to help diagnose diseases, but the way it was invented and the human effort to perfect it shows how our relationship with technology influences the tools we create and use for our survival.]

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13
Q

Looking Beyond Common Understanding of Technology

A

Heidegger urges us to question technology and go beyond the usual or common understanding of it. Instead of just accepting it as a tool, we should explore what technology means and how it shapes human life.

[Example:
Cellphones: Many people see them just as a convenient tool for communication. However, if we look deeper, cellphones reveal how society has become dependent on constant connectivity. Phones now influence everything from social behavior to how we perceive time and even our sense of privacy.]

*understand how technology shapes our reality

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14
Q

weeping earth

A

The idea of the Earth “weeping” refers to the suffering or harm the planet is experiencing, like environmental damage, pollution, and climate change.

To understand that the Earth is “weeping,” we need data and information that show how it’s being harmed.

This information can come from scientific research (like rising temperatures, deforestation, pollution levels) or observation (like melting ice caps or disappearing species).

All of these pieces of information together reveal the Earth’s condition, showing that it is suffering or “weeping.”

Example:
Deforestation: If we look at satellite images showing large areas of forests disappearing, this data tells us the Earth is losing its trees, which is bad for the environment. This is part of the Earth’s “weeping.”

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15
Q

According to Heidegger, what are the 3 concepts that technology is a way of bringing forth or revealing the truth of the world to us.

A
  1. Aletheia
    Means “unhidden” or “truth”.
    When technology is used, it can reveal things that were hidden before.
    Example: A microscope reveals tiny organisms we couldn’t see before.
  2. Poiesis
    Means “bringing forth” or “creation with purpose”.
    It’s about bringing something into being.
    Example: A seed turning into a flower. Or building a house from raw materials.
  3. Techne
    This is the skill or art behind creating things.
    It includes knowledge, craftsmanship, and creativity
    Example: The skill of an architect or an artist.

[Heidegger says that technology is more than just tools – it’s a way humans reveal and understand truth through creating, crafting, and uncovering the world.]

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16
Q

true or false:
Modern technology is a challenging, aggressive force.

A

true - . it’s not just about creating things in a natural, harmonious way (like art or simple tools); it’s more about control, domination, and extracting resources from the Earth.

[Modern technology reveals the world, but it does so in a way that’s not harmonious. Unlike poiesis, which is gentle and balanced, modern technology is about forcefully taking and consuming the Earth’s resources to serve human needs and desires.]

17
Q

Modern Technology as Aggressive

A

Unlike the natural flow of creation (poiesis), modern technology can feel forceful and destructive.

Example: Mining for minerals or drilling for oil, where resources are extracted violently from the Earth to fuel machines, industries, and consumption.

We take resources from nature (like oil, coal, and metals) to consume or store them for human use (like fueling cars, making electronics, etc.).

This process is aggressive and doesn’t always respect the balance of nature.

18
Q

true or false:
Poiesis is about creating things that are in harmony with nature.

19
Q

it is a way of revealing in modern technology

A

Enframing
- a way of looking/ ordering at reality
[describe a way of seeing and organizing reality through modern technology.
It’s like putting the world into a box or frame, where everything is viewed as a resource to be used or controlled according to human desires.]

20
Q

it is the role of human to take instruments of technology through enframing

A

destining
happens = humans desire for security, even if it puts all of nature as standing reserve ready for exploitation.

21
Q

how enframing works

A
  1. Nature as a “Standing Reserve”:
    In modern technology, we see nature as something to be used or exploited. Nature is treated like a reserve of resources (like water, land, energy), just waiting to be taken and used by humans whenever needed.

Example: Forests are viewed as a resource to be cut down for timber, or land is seen as a place to build cities or grow crops.

  1. The Role of Humans (Destining):
    Humans direct technology to reveal and control nature. This process is called destining—it’s when humans decide how and when technology will use nature.

Example: People decide when and how to extract minerals or build dams to control rivers. Humans are the ones guiding technology to manipulate nature for human purposes.

  1. Desire for Security:
    Modern technology is driven by a desire for control and security. People want to be safe and have access to resources, even if it means putting all of nature in a state where it’s ready to be used, or exploited.
22
Q

Poiesis Concealed in Enframing

A

Poiesis (the natural, harmonious revealing of things) is hidden by enframing.

Instead of letting things naturally reveal their truth (like art or simple tools), modern technology forces nature into a frame and uses it to serve human desires.

So, the truth of nature, which could be revealed in a natural way (through poiesis), is concealed because we only see nature as something to use and control.

23
Q

Calculative thinking vs Meditative thinking

A

Calculative Thinking
Explanation:
Calculative thinking is when we treat nature or systems as something to be measured, controlled, or used. We place things into a system or framework to better understand and control them.
- focuses on solving problems by breaking things down and organizing them.

Example:
When scientists study ecosystems, they might break down the system into pieces, like measuring water levels, temperature, or the number of animals. This is done to understand how to control or predict natural events, such as climate change or farming practices.

Meditative Thinking
Explanation:
Meditative thinking is a more reflective and patient way of thinking about nature. Instead of trying to control or organize it, you simply observe and let it reveal its truth to you naturally.
- about being in harmony with nature, allowing it to unfold on its own rather than trying to force understanding or control.

Example:
Watching the stars at night and simply contemplating the vastness of the universe without trying to measure or control it. You’re letting nature reveal itself to you, without forcing any specific outcome.

[Calculative Thinking: Using systems to understand and control nature.
Meditative Thinking: Observing nature without trying to control it, allowing it to reveal its own truth.]

24
Q

A system is placed in nature to be understood better and controlled

A

Calculative Thinking

25
Nature is observed and left to reveal itself without forcing it
Meditative Thinking
26
these are required in recognizing its dangers of technology
critical and reflective Example: Social Media Social Media has made it incredibly easy to stay connected with people around the world. It’s efficient and convenient. But it has also raised serious issues, like the invasion of privacy, where personal information is shared, tracked, or exploited without proper consent.
27
what are Paulo Coelho's View on Nature
nature would continue to exist even if humans were no longer around. - it implies that technology and human influence are temporary, while nature will always endure in some form. [Coelho's point: We should not let technology consume us, as nature, and the real essence of life, will persist regardless of technological advances.]
28
human person swallowed by technology
1. Man Swallowed by Technology: We’ve become so dependent on technology that it’s hard to imagine life without it. Example: People often turn to their phones first thing in the morning, even before they get out of bed, or they rely heavily on GPS instead of navigating on their own. 2. Losing the Essence of Who We Are: When technology takes over too much of our lives, we lose touch with the fundamentals of being human. We no longer appreciate the simple things like spending time in nature or having a deep, meaningful conversation. Example: Many people struggle with face-to-face communication because texting or chatting online has become easier, leading to a loss of deeper emotional connections. 3. No Longer Having the Capacity for Authentic Personal Encounters: Technology, especially social media and messaging apps, has made communication more instant but superficial. We may feel connected, but those connections are often shallow and lack real, personal engagement. Example: You may have hundreds of online friends, but only a few real relationships that provide deep emotional support and connection. 4. Unable to Let Go of Convenience and Profit: Technology offers convenience (fast, efficient solutions) and profit (money-making opportunities), but we become addicted to these benefits. This addiction can make it harder to prioritize other important aspects of life, like human relationships or self-reflection. Example: People may feel the need to check their phone constantly for updates or notifications, even at the expense of spending quality time with loved ones or taking time for themselves. [As technology becomes a bigger part of our lives, we risk losing touch with who we truly are. Our authentic personal connections suffer because of shallow, digital interactions. We’re stuck in the convenience that technology offers and may find it difficult to let go of this dependence, even if it means sacrificing deeper, more meaningful experiences.]
29
‘But where danger is , grows the saving power also.’
Friedrich Holderlin - Understanding the essence of technology [Meaning: Hölderlin is saying that where there’s danger or harm, there’s also the potential for saving or redemption. In other words, crises or challenges can lead to growth or solutions. Example: The dangers of modern technology might lead us to reconsider how we use it and find a way to balance it with the natural world.]
30
Heidegger’s View on understanding the essence of technology
Heidegger’s View: Heidegger agrees with the idea that dangers (like the destructive side of technology) can reveal something important. By confronting the dangers of technology, we can also find a way to save ourselves from being consumed by it.
31
"questioning as the peity of thought"
it is about how deep reflection and inquiry into the nature of technology can lead to a better understanding of its true value and role in our lives. 1. Intricacy of the Mechanism and Sophistication of Technology: Technology today is incredibly complex and sophisticated, with intricate mechanisms that often seem beyond our immediate understanding. Example: Think of smartphones—we often don’t fully grasp how they work, from the microchips to the internet infrastructure that supports them. But when we stop and think about it, the complexity is awe-inspiring. 2. Admiring the People and Circumstances that Led to the Development of Such Technology: Reflection on technology isn’t just about its use but about the history, innovation, and effort that went into its creation. Example: We might admire the work of inventors like Steve Jobs or Nikola Tesla, who contributed to shaping the technologies we use today. The circumstances in which these technologies were developed — the societal need, scientific discoveries, and cultural shifts — are also important to consider. Peity of Thought: This admiration is a form of reverence. It’s about having a respectful, thoughtful attitude toward both the makers of technology and the role technology plays in shaping human life.
32
it is associated with being religious, obedience and submission (Heidegger)
piety [Obedience and Submission: Heidegger connects piety to a form of obedience or submission in the sense that it involves an openness to truth and understanding. It’s not about blindly accepting things, but about recognizing the limits of our knowledge and being open to deeper insights. Thinking as a Way to Bring Forth Insight: Heidegger suggests that thinking itself can lead to deeper understanding or insight into things we don’t fully grasp. This form of thoughtful reflection is a kind of piety, where we submit ourselves to the process of discovery and revelation]
33
"The closer we come to danger, the more brightly do the ways into the saving power begin to shine and the more questioning we become for questioning is the piety of thought."
Meaning: Heidegger emphasizes that when we are faced with danger or challenges, thinking deeply and questioning the situation can reveal ways to overcome or find meaning in it. The more we question, the more we understand, and this questioning is itself a form of reverence (or piety). Example: Think of a difficult problem at work. The more you question and reflect on the root causes and solutions, the more insight you gain. This deep reflection is not just a way to solve the problem but a way to honor the complexity of the issue, which aligns with Heidegger's view of thinking as a form of piety.