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Vzoo Lesson 1-4 > Lesson 5 > Flashcards

Lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • studies organisms, including plants, animals and micro-organisms, and classifies them into groups.
A

Taxonomists

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2
Q
  • focuses on the features of the species in order to determine which taxonomic group the species belong to
A

Classifications

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3
Q
  • focuses on the common ancestor/evolutionary origin of the species to determine which is the most recent common ancestor of the taxonomic group.
A

Systematization

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4
Q

Designed the hierarchical classification system we still use today

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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5
Q
  • major groups of organisms
  • can be subdivided into superclass, suborder, etc.
A

Taxa

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6
Q
  • includes two part scientific name
  • system that Carolus Linnaeus developed
A

Binomial nomenclature

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7
Q
  • evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
A

Phylogeny

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8
Q
  • inferred by identifying organismal features, characters, that vary among species
A

Phylogenies

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9
Q
  • phylogenic characters
A

M.C.M.B or E. H

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10
Q
  • give valuable information which helps taxonomists to a great extent. (Physical characteristics)
A

Morphological Characteristic

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11
Q
  • 2nd characteristics in phylogenies
A

Chromosomal characteristics

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12
Q
  • 3rd characteristics of phylogenies
A

Molecular characteristics

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13
Q
  • the features that define the relationships that exist between living organisms and their physical environment in a defined space
A

Behavioural or ecological characteristics

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14
Q
  • last characteristics of phylogenies
A

Homology

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15
Q
  • shared characters that result from common ancenstry
A

Homologous characters

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16
Q
  • also called convergent evolution
A

Homoplasy

17
Q
  • are shared characteristics that are not a result of common ancestry
  • they are not homologous
A

Homoplasies

18
Q
  • occurs when natural selection produces similar (analogous) adaptations in organisms from different evolutionary lineages
A

Convergent evolution

19
Q
  • homologous structure that is older than the branching of a particular clade
  • shared by more than just the taxon trying to be defined
A

Shared primitive character

20
Q
  • a new evolutionary feature, unique to a particular group
A

Shared derived character

21
Q
  • form of the character that was present in the common ancestor of the group
A

Ancestral character state

22
Q
  • variations of the character that arose are called ______.
A

Derived character states

23
Q
  • determined using outgroup comparison
A

Polarity

24
Q
  • closely related, but not part of the group being examined
A

Outgroup

25
Q
  • one that is found in both the study group and out group
A

Ancestral character

26
Q
  • groups that are found in the study groups but not in the out groups
A

Derived character

27
Q
  • group that share derived characters and form a subset within a larger group
  • a unit of common evolutionary descent
A

Clade

28
Q
  • derive character that is shared by all the members of the clade
A

Synamorphy

29
Q
  • the ancestral character states for a taxon
A

Plesiomorphic

30
Q
  • shared ancestral characters
  • do not provide useful information for forming a nested series of clades
A

Symplesiomorphies/cs

31
Q
  • hierarchy of clades can be shown as a _____ that is based on synapomorphies
A

Cladogram

32
Q
  • consists of the ancestors species and all its descendants
A

Monophylic

33
Q
  • consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of the descendants
A

Paraphyletic

34
Q
  • a clade that includes many species that lack a common ancestor
A

Polyphyletic

35
Q
  • also called phylogenetic systematics
  • taxonomic theory that is based on cladograms
A

Cladistics

36
Q
  • based on common descent in the amount of evolutionary change to rank higher taxa
  • sometimes this type of classification includes paraphyletic groupings
A

Evolutionary taxonomy

37
Q
  • a pair of taxa that are most closely related to each other
A

Sister groups

Vzoo Lesson 1-4 (5 decks)

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