Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vzoo Lesson 1-4 > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  • series of progressive changes in an individual from it’s beginning to maturity
  • specialization occurs as a hierarchy of developmental “decisions”
A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • the theory that involves a tiny human in a sperm
A

Humoculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Many eggs release a chemical molecule that attracts sperm of the same species to the egg
A

Contact and Recognition Between Egg and Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Thin membrane above the egg plasma membrane
A

vitelline envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Fertilization cone forms where the sperm contacts the vitelline membrane
  • Sperm head drawn in and fuses with egg plasma membrane
  • Important changes in the egg surface block entrance to any additional sperm
A

Prevention of Polyspermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • the entry of more than one sperm
A

Polyspermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • used to block out other sperm
A

Fast block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • the name for a fertilized egg
A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • embryo divides repeatedly
A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • large cytoplasmic mass gets converted into small maneuverable cells
  • No cell growth occurs, only subdivision until cells reach regular somatic cell size
A

Blastomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Zygote has been divided into many hundreds or thousands of cells
A

Blastula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cleavage Types

A

Holoblastic
Meroblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Cleavage extends entire length of egg
    – Egg does not contain a lot of yolk, so cleavage occurs throughout egg
A

Holoblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • cells divide at the top of the yolk
  • too much yolk, can’t divide
A

Meroblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Egg Types and Cleavage

A

Isolecithal
Mesolecithal
Telocithal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

– Very little yolk, evenly distibuted
– Use Holoblastic cleavage

A

Isolecithal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

– Moderate yolk
– Use Holoblastic

A

Mesolecithal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

– Have an abundance of yolk
– Use Meroblastic cleavage

A

Telocithal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • cleavage creates a cluster of cells called the blastula
  • During the blastula stage, the first germ layer forms
    – Cells are arranged around a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel
A

Blastulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Results in the formation of a second germ layer
  • Involves an invagination of one side of blastula
    – Forms a new internal cavity called the gastrocoel
  • creates an opening into the cavity: Blastopore
A

Gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 layers of the gastrula

A

Ectoderm and Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • ## The only opening into embryonic gut
A

Blastopore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Some animals retain the blind gut
  • the opening does not fully extend to other side
A

Flatworms, sea anemones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • in which the opening extends and produces a second opening, the anus
A

Complete gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • Animals with two germ layers
A

Diploblastic

26
Q
  • animals with 3 germ layers (most animals add a 3rd germ layer)
A

Triploblastic

27
Q
  • Forms between the endoderm and the ectoderm
  • arises from endoderm
A

Mesoderm

28
Q
  • germ layer that deals with the epithelium and nervous system
A

Ectoderm

29
Q
  • germ layer that deals with epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory
    tract, liver, pancreas,
A

Endoderm

30
Q
  • Muscular system, reproductive system, bone, kidneys, blood
A

Mesoderm

31
Q
  • Body cavity surrounded by mesoderm
A

Coelom

32
Q

– The method by which the coelom forms is an inherited character
• Important in grouping organisms based on developmental characters
– Upon completion
• Body has 3 tissue layers and 2 cavities

A
  • coelom formation
33
Q
  • Animals Without a Coelom are called
A

Acoelomates

34
Q
  • Two major groups of triploblastic animals
A

Protostomes and Dueterostomes

35
Q
  • blastopore develops into an anus first, and the second opening becomes a mouth
A

Deuterostome embryos

36
Q
  • blastopore becomes a mouth first, then the second opening becomes an anus
A

Protosome embryos

37
Q
  • Coelom Formation - mesoderm movement
A

enterocoely and schizocoely

38
Q
  • Mesoderm sides push outward and expand into a pouch-like coelomic compartment
    • Pouch-like compartment pinches off and forms a mesoderm bound space
    surrounding the gut
    • Occurs in Deuterostomes
A

Enterocoely

39
Q
  • Endodermal cells move to blastopore and develop into mesoderm
    • Mesoderm separates or splits to form cavity (coelom)
    • Occurs in Protostome
A

Schizocoely

40
Q
  • mesoderm fills the blastocoel
A

Acoelomate plan

41
Q
  • mesoderm lines one side of the blastocoel
A
  • pseudocoelomate plan
42
Q
  • band of mesoderm surrounds the gut and spits open
A

Schizocoelous plan

43
Q
  • mesodermal pouches surround the gut
A

Enterocoelous plan

44
Q
  • mesodermal pouches surround the gut
A

Enterocoelous plan

45
Q

– All vertebrate embryos share chordate hallmarks

A

The Common Vertebrate Heritage

46
Q

•Dorsal neural tube
•Notochord
• Pharyngeal gill pouches with aortic arches
• Ventral heart
• Postanal tail

A

Common vertebrate heritage

47
Q
  • embryos develop within the amnion
A

Amniote

48
Q
  • Fluid-filled sac that encloses the embryo
    – Provides an aqueous environment in which the embryo floats
    – Protection from mechanical shock
  • contains 4 extraembryonic membranes including the amnion
A

Amniotic egg

49
Q
  • responsible for storing yolk
A

Yolk sac

50
Q

• Storage of metabolic wastes during
development
• Respiratory surface for gas exchange

A

Allantois

51
Q

• Lies beneath the eggshell
• Encloses the embryo and other extraembryonic membrane

A

Chorion

52
Q

–Need for oxygen increases
–Allantois and chorion fuse to form a
respiratory surface, the chorioallantoic
membrane

A

Happens when the embryo is growing

53
Q

– Most mammalian embryos do not develop within
an egg shell
- Develop within the mother’s body
- Most retained in the mother’s body

A

Mammalian Placenta

54
Q

• Primitive mammals that lay eggs
• Large yolky eggs resembling bird eggs
•Duck-billed platypus and spiny anteater

A

Monotremes

55
Q

– Embryos born at an early stage of development and
– Continue development in abdominal pouch of mother

A

Marsupials

56
Q

– Represent 94% of the class Mammalia
– Evolution of the placenta
• Required reconstruction of extraembryonic membranes
• Modification of oviduct
– Expanded region formed a uterus

A

Placental Mammals

57
Q
  • Remains unchanged
  • Surrounds embryo
  • Secretes fluid in which embryo floats
A

Amnion

58
Q
  • Contains no yolk
  • Source of stem cells that give rise to blood and lymphoid cells
  • Stem cells migrate into the developing embryo
A

Yolk sac

59
Q
  • Contains no yolk
  • Source of stem cells that give rise to blood and lymphoid cells
  • Stem cells migrate into the developing embryo
A

Yolk sac

60
Q
  • Not needed to store wastes
  • Contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord
A

Allantois

61
Q
  • Not needed to store wastes
  • Contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord
A

Allantois

62
Q
  • forms most of the placenta
A

Chorion

Vzoo Lesson 1-4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions