Lesson 5 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the skeleton divided into?
A
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Thorax
2
Q
Define:
Axial skeleton
A
Includes the cranium, spine, and ribs
3
Q
Define:
Appendicular skeleton
A
Includes the upper and lower extremities, shoulders, and pelvis
4
Q
Define:
Thorax
A
The chest
5
Q
The _____ of the ________ meet at ______
A
Bones
Skeleton
Joints
6
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
bone marrow
A
Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including production of blood cells
7
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
cancellous bone (or spongy bone)
A
Meshlike bone tissue
8
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
compact bone
A
Harder, denser bone
9
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
diaphysis
A
The shaft of a long bone
10
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
endosteum
A
Membrane within medullary cavity
11
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
epiphysis
A
The wider ends of a long bone
12
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
epiphysial plate
A
The growth area of a long bone
13
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
medullary cavity
A
Space within long bone shaft filled with bone marrow
14
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
metaphysis
A
The flared section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
15
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
os (pl. ossa)
A
Bone
16
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
osteoblast
A
Bone-forming cell
17
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
osteoclast
A
A cell that helps remove osseous (bony) tissue
18
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
osteocyte
A
Bone cell
19
Q
State the meaning of the bone structure term:
periosteum
A
Membrane surrounding a bone
20
Q
Define the following term on joints:
Articulation
A
The site where bones come together
21
Q
Define the following term on joints:
Bursa
A
A fluid-filled fibrous sac within joints
22
Q
Define the following term on joints:
Synovial joints
A
Joints that move freely, with the joint cavity containing synovial fluid
23
Q
Define the following term on joints:
Intervertebral disk
A
Connective tissue sitting between vertebrae, forms a platelike structure
24
Q
Define the following term on joints:
Ligament
A
Band of connective tissue joining bones
25
Define the following term on joints:
Tendons
Band of connective tissue joining muscle to bone
26
Define the following term on joint movements:
Abduction
Moving away from the midline
27
Define the following term on joint movements:
Adduction
Moving toward the midline
28
Define the following term on joint movements:
Circumduction
Moving in a circular manner
29
Define the following term on joint movements:
Inversion
Turning (foot) inward
30
Define the following term on joint movements:
Eversion
Turning (foot) outward
31
Define the following term on joint movements:
Dorsiflexion
Bending foot upward
32
Define the following term on joint movements:
Plantar flexion
Bending foot downward
33
Define the following term on joint movements:
Pronation
Turning downward (palm of hand or sole of foot)
34
Define the following term on joint movements:
Supination
Turning upward (palm of hand or sole of foot)
35
The body consists of ___ muscles, and is split into:
600
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
36
Define:
Skeletal muscle
Striated muscle present on the skeleton, used for voluntary control
37
Define:
Cardiac muscle
Striated muscle utilized for involuntary pumping of the heart
38
Define:
Smooth muscle
Muscle found in internal organs, involuntary contractions utilized for organ function
39
_______ connect muscles to _____
Tendons
Bones
40
State the meaning of the following root words:
ankyl/o
Stiff
41
State the meaning of the following root words:
arthr/o, articul/o
Joint
42
State the meaning of the following root words:
burs/o
Bursa
43
State the meaning of the following root words:
carp/o
Carpal bones
44
State the meaning of the following root words:
chondr/o
Cartilage
45
State the meaning of the following root words:
clavic/o, clavicul/o
Clavicle
46
State the meaning of the following root words:
cervic/o
Neck
47
State the meaning of the following root words:
cost/o
Rib
48
State the meaning of the following root words:
crani/o
Cranium, skull
49
State the meaning of the following root words:
disk/o
Disk or disc
50
State the meaning of the following root words:
fasci/o
Fascia, band
51
State the meaning of the following root words:
femor/o
Femur
52
State the meaning of the following root words:
fibul/o
Fibula
53
State the meaning of the following root words:
humer/o
Humerus
54
State the meaning of the following root words:
ili/o
Ilium
55
State the meaning of the following root words:
ischi/o
Ischium
56
State the meaning of the following root words:
kinesi/o, kinet/o
Movement
57
State the meaning of the following root words:
kyph/o
Humpback
58
State the meaning of the following root words:
lei/o
Smooth
59
State the meaning of the following root words:
lamin/o
Lamina
60
State the meaning of the following root words:
lord/o
Curved, bent
61
State the meaning of the following root words:
lumb/o
Lumbar region, lower back
62
State the meaning of the following root words:
mandibul/o
Mandible
63
State the meaning of the following root words:
maxill/o
Maxilla
64
State the meaning of the following root words:
menisc/o
Meniscus
65
State the meaning of the following root words:
my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
Muscle
66
State the meaning of the following root words:
myel/o
Bone marrow, spinal cord
67
State the meaning of the following root words:
oste/o
Bone
68
State the meaning of the following root words:
patell/o
Patella
69
State the meaning of the following root words:
pelv/i, pelv/o
Pelvis, pelvic cavity
70
State the meaning of the following root words:
phalang/o
Phalanges
71
State the meaning of the following root words:
pub/o
Pubis
72
State the meaning of the following root words:
rachi/o
Spine
73
State the meaning of the following root words:
radi/o
Radius
74
State the meaning of the following root words:
rhabd/o
Striated muscle
75
State the meaning of the following root words:
sacr/o
Sacrum
76
State the meaning of the following root words:
scapul/o
Scapula
77
State the meaning of the following root words:
scoli/o
Crooked, twisted
78
State the meaning of the following root words:
stern/o
Sternum
79
State the meaning of the following root words:
synovi/o
Synovial joint or fluid
80
State the meaning of the following root words:
tars/o
Tarsal bones
81
State the meaning of the following root words:
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Tendon
82
State the meaning of the following root words:
thorac/o
Thorax, chest
83
State the meaning of the following root words:
ton/o
Tone, tension
84
State the meaning of the following root words:
uln/o
Ulna
85
State the meaning of the following root words:
vertebr/o, spondyl/o
Vertebra
86
State the meaning of the following prefixes:
inter-
Between
87
State the meaning of the following prefixes:
intra-
Within
88
State the meaning of the following prefixes:
supra-
Above
89
State the meaning of the following prefixes:
sub-
Below, beneath
90
State the meaning of the following prefixes:
sym-, syn-
Together, with
91
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-algia
Pain
92
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-asthenia
Weakness
93
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-centesis
Puncture to aspirate
94
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-clasia, -clasis, -clast
To break
95
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-desis
Surgical fixation, binding
96
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-ectomy
Excision, surgical removal
97
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-itis
Inflammation
98
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-osis
Abnormal condition
99
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-physis
Growth
100
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-plasty
Surgical repair, reconstruction
101
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-porosis
Pore, passage
102
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-rrhaphy
Suture
103
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-schisis
To split
104
State the meaning of the following suffix:
-trophy
Development, nourishment
105
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
carpal
Pertaining to the carpal bones
106
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
costovertebral
Pertaining to the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
107
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
cranial
Pertaining to the skull
108
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
femoral
Pertaining to the femur
109
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
humeral
Pertaining to the humerus
110
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
iliofemoral
Pertaining to the ilium and femur
111
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
intercostal
Pertaining to the area between the ribs
112
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
intervertebral
Pertaining to the area between vertebrae
113
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
intracranial
Pertaining to the area within the skull
114
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
ischiofemoral
Pertaining to the ischium and femur
115
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
lumbar
Pertaining to the lower back
116
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
lumbocostal
Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and ribs
117
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
lumbosacral
Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
118
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
osseous
Pertaining to bone
119
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis or pelvic cavity
120
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
sacral
Pertaining to the sacrum
121
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
sacrovertebral
Pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae above
122
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
sternoclavicular
Pertaining to the sternum and clavicle
123
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
sternoid
Resembling the sternum
124
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
subcostal
Pertaining to the area below a rib or the ribs
125
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
submandibular
Pertaining to the area below the mandible
126
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
submaxillary
Pertaining to the area below the maxilla
127
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
subscapular
Pertaining to the area below the scapula
128
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
substernal
Pertaining to the area below the sternum
129
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
suprapatellar
Pertaining to the area above the patella
130
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
suprascapular
Pertaining to the area above the scapula
131
State the meaning of the following adjective/related term:
synovial
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of synovial fluid
132
What does arth- refer to in skeletal system medical conditions?
Refers to joints
133
Define:
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
134
Define:
Arthrochondritis
Inflammation of articular cartilage
135
Define:
Arthralgia
Condition of pain in a joint
136
What does bu- refer to in skeletal system medical conditions?
Refers to bursae
137
Define:
Bunion
Swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint due to an inflammatory bursa
138
Define:
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa
139
Define:
Bursolith
A calcified stone formed in a bursa
140
Define:
Ankylosis
Stiffening or fixation of a joint
141
Define:
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Stiffening of the spine
142
How does arthritis progress?
Early stage begins with cartilage degeneration between the joints
Later stages shows loss of cartilage between the joints, inflammation stretches joints capsule
143
List the types of fractures
Comminuted
Spiral
Transverse
Greenstick
Compound (open)
Simple (closed)
144
Define:
Comminuted fracture
Breakage of the bone into more than two fragments
145
Define:
Spiral fracture
Bone fracture occurring when torque (a rotating force) is applied along the axis of a bone
146
Define:
Transverse fracture
A bone that has broken perpendicular to its length
147
Define:
Greenstick fracture
A crack or break on one side of a long bone in the arm or leg that does not extend all the way through the bone
148
Define:
Compound (open) fracture
An injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin
149
Define:
Simple (closed) fracture
A fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissues or breaking of the skin
150
List some possible conditions of the spine
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
Herniated disks
151
Define:
Kyphosis
Humpback with abnormal forward curvature
152
Define:
Lordosis
Abnormal backward curvature
153
Define:
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature
154
Define:
Herniated disks
Protrusion of fragmented or degenerated intervertebral disks
155
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
dystrophy
Abnormal development or growth of a tissue or organ often resulting from nutritional deficiency
156
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
exostosis
Bony projection that develops from cartilage
157
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
fibromyalgia
Condition of chronic aching and stiffness of muscles and soft tissues of unknown cause
158
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
fracture
A break in a bone or cartilage
159
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
gout
Metabolic disorder involving painful deposits of crystals in connective tissue and articular cartilage
160
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
herniated disk (or disc)
Protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk
161
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
hyperkinesia
Condition of excessive muscular movements
162
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
hypertrophy
Increased development of a part or organ not caused by a tumor
163
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
maxillitis
Inflammation of the maxilla
164
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
meniscitis
Inflammation of a meniscus
165
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
muscular dystrophy (MD)
Hereditary condition causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles
166
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
myalgia
Condition of muscular pain
167
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
myasthenia gravis (MG)
Condition of neuromuscular disorder causing weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles
168
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
myositis
Inflammation of a muscle
169
State the meaning of the following medical condition of muscle/joint:
osteitis
Inflammation of bone
