Lesson 4: Test techniques Flashcards
What is checklist-based testing?
a) A test technique in which tests are derived based on the tester’s knowledge of past faults,
or general knowledge of failures
b) A test technique based on an analysis of the specification of a component or system
c) An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of items to
be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product
must be verified
d) An approach to testing where the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on
their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. This is error guessing
b) Is not correct. This is black-box test technique
c) Is correct. See reasons from incorrect answers
d) Is not correct. This is exploratory testing
Which one of the following options is categorized as a black-box test technique?
a) A technique based on analysis of the architecture
b) A technique checking that the test object is working according to the detailed design
c) A technique based on the knowledge of past faults, or general knowledge of failures
d) A technique based on formal requirements
Select ONE option
a) Is not correct. This is a white-box test technique
b) Is not correct. This is a white-box test technique
c) Is not correct. This is an experience-based test technique
d) Is correct. Black-box test techniques are based on an analysis of the
appropriate test basis (e.g., formal requirements documents,
specifications, use cases, user stories)
The following statement refers to decision coverage:
“When the code contains only a single ‘if’ statement and no loops or CASE statements, and its
execution is not nested within the test, any single test case we run will result in 50% decision
coverage.”
Which of the following statement is correct?
a) The statement is true. Any single test case provides 100% statement coverage and
therefore 50% decision coverage
b) The statement is true. Any single test case would cause the outcome of the “if” statement to
be either true or false
c) The statement is false. A single test case can only guarantee 25% decision coverage in this
case
d) The statement is false. The statement is too broad. It may be correct or not, depending on
the tested software
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. While the given statement is true, the explanation is not.
The relationship between statement and decision coverage is
misrepresented
b) Is correct. Since any test case will cause the outcome of the “if”
statement to be either TRUE or FALSE, by definition we achieved 50%
decision coverage
c) Is not correct. A single test case can give more than 25% decision
coverage, this means according to the statement above always 50 %
decision coverage
d) Is not correct. The statement is specific and always true, because each
test case achieves 50 % decision coverage
Which one of the following is the description of statement coverage?
a) It is a metric, which is the percentage of test cases that have been executed
b) It is a metric, which is the percentage of statements in the source code that have been
executed
c) It is a metric, which is the number of statements in the source code that have been
executed by test cases that are passed
d) It is a metric, that gives a true/false confirmation if all statements are covered or not
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Statement coverage measures the percentage of
statements exercised by test cases
b) Is correct. Statement testing exercises the executable statements in the
code. Statement coverage is measured as the number of statements
executed by the tests divided by the total number of executable
statements in the test object, normally expressed as a percentage
c) Is not correct. The coverage does not measure pass/fail
d) Is not correct. It is a metric and does not provide true/false statements
Which statement about the relationship between statement coverage and decision coverage is
true?
a) 100% decision coverage also guarantees 100% statement coverage
b) 100% statement coverage also guarantees 100% decision coverage
c) 50% decision coverage also guarantees 50% statement coverage
d) Decision coverage can never reach 100%
a) Is not correct. Exploratory testing is not suitable to speed up tests,
which are already specified. It is most useful when there are few or
inappropriate specified requirements or significant time pressure on
testing
b) Is not correct. The absence of a test charter, which may have been
derived from the test analysis, is a poor precondition for the use of
exploratory testing
c) Is correct. Exploratory tests should be performed by experienced
testers with knowledge of similar applications and technologies
d) Is not correct. Explorative testing alone is not suitable to provide
evidence that the test was very intensive, instead the evidence is
provided in combination with other test methods
For which of the following situations is exploratory testing suitable?
a) When time pressure requires speeding up the execution of tests already specified
b) When the system is developed incrementally, and no test charter is available
c) When testers are available who have enough knowledge of similar applications and
technologies
d) When an advanced knowledge of the system already exists, and evidence is to be if it
should be tested intensively
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. One too few (see the four correct partitions in the correct
answer)
b) Is not correct. One too much (see the four correct partitions in the
correct answer)
c) Is not correct. Two too few (see the four correct partitions in the correct
answer)
d) Is correct. The 4 equivalence partitions correspond to the description in
the question, i.e., at least one test case must be created for each
equivalence partition:
1. Equivalence partition: 0 ≤ employment time ≤ 2
2. Equivalence partition: 2 < employment time < 5
3. Equivalence partition: 5 ≤ employment time ≤ 10
4. Equivalence partition: 10 < employment time
An employee’s bonus is to be calculated. It cannot be negative, but it can be calculated down to
zero. The bonus is based on the length of employment:
- Less than or equal to 2 years
- More than 2 years but less than 5 years
- 5 to 10 years inclusively
- Longer than 10 years
What is the minimum number of test cases required to cover all valid equivalence partitions for
calculating the bonus?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 2
d) 4
Select ONE option.
The following partitions can be identified:
1. <= 50, boundary value 50
2. 51 – 55 boundary values 51, 55
3. 56 – 60 boundary values 56, 60
4. >=61 boundary value 61
Boundary value according to glossary V.3.2: A minimum or maximum value
of an ordered equivalence partition.
Thus:
a) Is not correct. Does not include all necessary boundary values, but it
includes additional values: 0, 49, and 59, which are not boundary
values in this equivalence partition
b) Is not correct. Does not include all necessary boundary values. 51 and
55 are missing
c) Is not correct. Does not include necessary boundary values but it
includes additional values: 49, 62, and 54, which are not boundary
values in this equivalence partition
d) Is correct. includes all necessary boundary values
A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics:
* If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen.
* If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but no more than 55 km/h, you will be warned.
* If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined.
* If you drive faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended.
* The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value.
Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value
analysis, where only the values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are selected?
a) 0, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60
b) 50, 55, 60
c) 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 62
d) 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. If there was no agreement on targets, it is impossible to
reach the targets. Since this situation can ́t occur, this is not a scenario
happening in reality
b) Is not correct. The test case is objectively wrong, since under these
conditions no bonus is paid because the agreed target was not reached
c) Is not correct. There was no agreement on targets, it is impossible to
reach the targets. Since this situation can ́t occur, this is not a scenario
happening in reality
d) Is correct. The test case describes the situation that the too short period
of employment and the non-fulfilment of the agreed target leads to non-
payment of the bonus. This situation can occur in practice but is
missing in the decision table
A company’s employees are paid bonuses if they work more than a year in the company and
achieve a target which is individually agreed before.
These facts can be shown in a decision table:
Which of the following test cases represents a situation that can happen in real life, and is missing
in the above decision table?
a) Condition1 = YES, Condition2 = NO, Condition3 = YES, Action= NO
b) Condition1 = YES, Condition2 = YES, Condition3 = NO, Action= YES
c) Condition1 = NO, Condition2 = NO, Condition3 = YES, Action= NO
d) Condition1 = NO, Condition2 = YES, Condition3 = NO, Action= NO
Select ONE option.
Proposed test case covers all five possible single valid transitions in the
given state diagram (S1->S2, S2->S1, S2->S3, S3->S2, and S3->S1).
Thus:
a) Is not correct. Because no invalid transitions are covered
b) Is correct. Because all valid transitions are covered
c) Is not correct. Because all valid transitions are covered
d) Is not correct. Because the test cases do not have pairs of transitions
specified
a) Is not correct. See reason from correct answer
b) Is not correct. See reason from correct answer
c) Is correct. This is a case where the requirement gives an enumeration
of discrete values. Each enumeration value is an equivalence class by
itself; therefore, each will be tested when using equivalence partitioning
test technique
d) Is not correct. See reason from correct answer
A video application has the following requirement: The application shall allow playing a video on
the following display resolution:
1. 640x480
2. 1280x720
3. 1600x1200
4. 1920x1080
Which of the following list of test cases is a result of applying the equivalence partitioning test
technique to test this requirement?
a) Verify that the application can play a video on a display of size 1920x1080 (1 test case)
b) Verify that the application can play a video on a display of size 640x480 and 1920x1080 (2
test cases)
c) Verify that the application can play a video on each of the display sizes in the requirement
(4 test cases)
d) Verify that the application can play a video on any one of the display sizes in the
requirement (1 test case)
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Selection of tools is a test manager task
b) Is correct. See reasons from incorrect answers
c) Is not correct. The tester does not decide on the release of the test
object
d) Is not correct. The tester specifies the test cases, the test manager
does the prioritization
