Lesson 1: Fundamental of Testing Flashcards
Which one of the following answers describes a test condition?(Sample exam set A)
a) A distinguishing characteristic of a component or system
b) A testable aspect of a component or system identified as a basis for testing
c) The degree to which a software product provides functions which meet stated and implied
needs when the software is used under specified conditions
d) Test cases designed to execute combinations of conditions and actions resulting from them
a) Is not correct. Definition of feature according to glossary
b) Is correct. From glossary
c) Is not correct. Definition of functionality suitability according to glossary
d) Is not correct. Like Definition of Decision table testing according to
glossary
Which of the following statements is a valid objective for testing?
a) The test should start as late as possible so that development had enough time to create a
good product
b) To validate whether the test object works as expected by the users and other stakeholders
c) To prove that all possible defects are identified
d) To prove that any remaining defects will not cause any failures
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Contradiction to principle 3: “Early testing saves time and
money”
b) Is correct. This is one objective of testing
c) Is not correct. Principle #2 states that exhaustive testing is impossible,
so one can never prove that all defects were identified
d) Is not correct. To make an assessment whether a defect will cause a
failure or not, one must detect the defect first. Saying that no remaining
defect will cause a failure implicitly means that all defects were found.
This again contradicts principle #2
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between testing and
debugging?
a) Testing identifies the source of defects; debugging analyzes the defects and proposes
prevention activities
b) Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects; debugging eliminates the defects, which
are the source of failures
c) Testing removes faults; but debugging removes defects that cause the faults
d) Dynamic testing prevents the causes of failures; debugging removes the failures
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Testing does not identify the source of defects,
debugging identifies the source of defects
b) Is correct. Dynamic testing can show failures that are caused by defects
in the software. Debugging eliminates the defects, which are the source
of failures
c) Is not correct. Testing does not remove faults, but debugging removes
faults, which is synonyms for defects, that may cause the failures
d) Is not correct. Dynamic testing does not directly prevent the causes of
failures (defects) but detects the presence of defects
Which one of the statements below describes the most common situation for a failure discovered
during testing or in production?
a) The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box
b) The wrong version of a compiled source code file was included in the build
c) The computation algorithm used the wrong input variables
d) The developer misinterpreted the requirement for the algorithm
Select ONE option.
a) Is correct. A crash is clearly noticeable by the user
b) Is not correct. This is a defect, not a failure since there is something
wrong in the code. It may not result in a visible or noticeable failure, for
example if the changes in the source code file are only in comments
c) Is not correct. The use of wrong input variables may not result in a
visible or noticeable failure, for example if nobody uses this particular
algorithm; or if the wrong input variable has a similar value to the
correct input variable; or if the FALSE result of the algorithm is not used
d) Is not correct. This type of fault will not necessarily lead to a failure; for
example, if no one uses this special algorithm
Mr. Test has been testing software applications on mobile devices for a period of 5 years. He has a
wealth of experience in testing mobile applications and achieves better results in a shorter time
than others. Over several months, Mr. Test did not modify the existing automated test cases and
did not create any new test cases. This leads to fewer and fewer defects being found by executing
the tests. What principle of testing did Mr. Test not observe?
a) Testing depends on the environment
b) Exhaustive testing is not possible
c) Repeating of same tests will not find new defects
d) Defects cluster together
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Testing is context dependent, regardless of it being
manual or automated (principle #6), but does not result in detecting a
decreasing number of faults as described above
b) Is not correct. Exhaustive testing is impossible, regardless of the
amount of effort put into testing (principle #2)
c) Is correct. Principle #5 says “If the same tests are repeated over and
over again, eventually these tests no longer find any new defects. To
detect new defects, existing tests and test data may need changing,
and new tests may need to be written.” Automated regression testing of
the same test cases will not bring new findings
d) Is not correct. ”Defect cluster together” (principle #4). A small number of
modules usually contain most of the defects, but this does not mean
that fewer and fewer defects will be found
In what way can testing be part of Quality Assurance?
a) It ensures that requirements are detailed enough
b) Testing reduces the risk of poor software quality
c) It ensures that standards in the organization are followed
d) It measures the quality of software in terms of number of executed test cases
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Static testing (reviews) contributes, but could not ensure,
that requirements are detailed enough
b) Is correct. Testing contributes to the achievement of quality in a variety
of ways, e.g., such as reducing the risk of inadequate software quality
c) Is not correct. This is quality assurance but not testing
d) Is not correct. The quality cannot be measured by counting the number
of executed test cases without knowing the outcome
Which of the following activities is part of the main activity “test analysis” in the test process?
a) Identifying any required infrastructure and tools
b) Creating test suites from test scripts
c) Analyzing lessons learned for process improvement
d) Evaluating the test basis for testability
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. This activity is performed during the test design activity
(test design)
b) Is not correct. This activity is performed during the test implementation
activity (test implementation)
c) Is not correct. This activity is performed during the test completion
activity (test completion)
d) Is correct. This activity is performed during the test analysis activity (test
analysis)
Match the following test work products (1-4) with the right description (A-D).
1. Test suite
2. Test case
3. Test script
4. Test charter
A. A set of test scripts to be executed in a specific test run
B. A set of instructions for the execution of a test
C. Contains expected results
D. Documentation of test activities in session-based exploratory testing
a) 1A, 2C, 3B, 4D
b) 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
c) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B
d) 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A
Select ONE option.
Glossary defines the following tests as:
• Test suite: “A set of test scripts or test procedures to be executed in
a specific test run.” (1A)
• Test case: “A set of preconditions, inputs, actions (where
applicable), expected results and post conditions, developed based
on test conditions” (2C)
• Test script: “A sequence of instructions for the execution of a test”
(3B)
• Test charter: “Documentation of test activities in session-based
exploratory testing” (4D)
Thus:
a) Is correct
b) Is not correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Which of the following provides the definition of the term test case?
a) Subset of the value domain of a variable within a component or system in which all values
are expected to be treated the same based on the specification
b) A set of preconditions, inputs, actions, expected results and post conditions, developed
based on test conditions
c) Work products produced during the test process for use in planning, designing, executing,
evaluating, and reporting on testing
d) A source to determine an expected result to compare with the actual result of the system
under test
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Based on definition of equivalence partition
b) Is correct. Based on definition from Glossary
c) Is not correct. Based on Glossary definition of testware
d) Is not correct. Based on definition of test oracle
Which of the following is a typical objective of testing?
a) To find defects and failures
b) To validate the project plan works as required
c) Ensuring of complete testing
d) Comparing actual results with expected results
Select ONE option.
a) Is correct. One of the major objectives of testing
b) Is not correct. Validation of the project plan would be a project
management activity
c) Is not correct. Contradiction to principle #2; complete/exhaustive testing
is not possible
d) Is not correct. “Comparing actual results with expected results” is a test
performing activity, but not a test objective
Which of the following is an example of a failure in a car cruise control system?
a) The developer of the system forgot to rename variables after a cut-and-paste operation
b) Unnecessary code that sounds an alarm when reversing was included in the system
c) The system stops maintaining a set speed when the radio volume is increased or
decreased
d) The design specification for the system wrongly states speeds
Select ONE option.
Question #4 (1 P
a) Is not correct. This is an example of a mistake made by the developer
b) Is not correct. This is an example of a defect (something wrong in the
code that may cause a failure)
c) Is correct. This is a deviation from the expected functionality - a cruise
control system should not be affected by the radio
d) Is not correct. This is an example of a defect (something wrong in a
specification that may cause a failure if subsequently implemented)
Which of the following is a defect rather than a root cause in a fitness tracker?
a) Because the author of the requirements was unfamiliar with the domain of fitness training,
he therefore wrongly assumed that users wanted heartbeat in beats per hour
b) The tester of the smartphone interface had not been trained in state transition testing, so
missed a major defect
c) An incorrect configuration variable implemented for the GPS function could cause location
problems during daylight saving times
d) Because the designer had never worked on wearable devices before, she as designer of
the user interface therefore misunderstood the effects of reflected sunlight
a) Is not correct. The lack of familiarity of the requirements author with the
fitness domain is a root cause
b) Is not correct. The lack of training of the tester in state transition testing
was one of the root causes of the defect (the developer presumably
created the defect, as well)
c) Is correct. The incorrect configuration data represents faulty software in
the fitness tracker (a defect), that may cause failures
d) Is not correct. The lack of experience in designing user interfaces for
wearable devices is a typical example of a root cause of a defect
As a result of risk analysis, more testing is being directed to those areas of the system under test
where initial testing found more defects than average.
Which of the following testing principles is being applied?
a) Beware of the pesticide paradox
b) Testing is context dependent
c) Absence-of-errors is a fallacy
d) Defects cluster together
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. ‘Beware of the pesticide paradox’ is concerned with re-
running the same tests and their fault-finding effectiveness decreasing
b) Is not correct. This testing principle is concerned with performing testing
differently based on the context (e.g., games vs safety-critical)
c) Is not correct. This testing principle is concerned with the difference
between a tested and fixed system and a validated system. No ‘errors’
does not mean the system is fit for use
d) Is correct. If clusters of defects are identified (areas of the system
containing more defects than average), then testing effort should be
focused on these areas
Given the following test activities and tasks:
A. Test design
B. Test implementation
C. Test execution
D. Test completion
1. Entering change requests for open defect reports
2. Identifying test data to support the test cases
3. Prioritizing test procedures and creating test data
4. Analyzing discrepancies to determine their cause
Which of the following BEST matches the activities with the tasks?
a) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
b) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
c) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
d) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. ‘Beware of the pesticide paradox’ is concerned with re-
running the same tests and their fault-finding effectiveness decreasing
b) Is not correct. This testing principle is concerned with performing testing
differently based on the context (e.g., games vs safety-critical)
c) Is not correct. This testing principle is concerned with the difference
between a tested and fixed system and a validated system. No ‘errors’
does not mean the system is fit for use
d) Is correct. If clusters of defects are identified (areas of the system
containing more defects than average), then testing effort should be
focused on these areas
Which of the following BEST describes how value is added by maintaining traceability between the
test basis and test artifacts?
a) Maintenance testing can be fully automated based on changes to the initial requirements
b) It is possible to determine if a new test case has increased coverage of the requirements
c) Test managers can identify which testers found the highest severity defects
d) Areas that may be impacted by side-effects of a change can be targeted by confirmation
testing
Select ONE option.
The correct pairing of test activities and tasks is:
A. Test design – (2) Identifying test data to support the test cases
B. Test implementation – (3) Prioritizing test procedures and creating
test data
C. Test execution – (4) Analyzing discrepancies to determine their
cause
D. Test completion – (1) Entering change requests for open defect
reports
Thus:
a) Is correct
b) Is not correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
