Lesson 3: Static techniques Flashcards
Which of the following options are roles in a formal review?
a) Developer, Moderator, Review leader, Reviewer, Tester
b) Author, Moderator, Manager, Reviewer, Developer
c) Author, Manager, Review leader, Reviewer, Designer
d) Author, Moderator, Review leader, Reviewer, Scribe
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Tester and developer are NOT roles in a formal review
b) Is not correct. Developer is NOT a role in a formal review
c) Is not correct. Designer is NOT a role in a formal review
d) Is correct. See reasons from incorrect answers
Which activities are carried out within the planning of a formal review?
a) Collection of metrics for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the review
b) Answer any questions the participants may have
c) Definition and Verification of fulfillment of entry criteria for the review
d) Evaluation of the review findings against the exit criteria
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. ‘Collection of metrics’ belongs to the main activity “Fixing
and Reporting”
b) Is not correct. ‘Answer any question.’ belongs to the main activity
“Initiate Review”
c) Is correct. The checking of entry criteria takes place in the planning of a
formal review
d) Is not correct. The evaluation of the review findings against the exit
criteria belongs to the main activity “Issue communication and analysis”
Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a
formal process based on rules and checklists?
a) Informal Review
b) Technical Review
c) Inspection
d) Walkthrough
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Informal review does not use a formal process
b) Is not correct. Use of checklists are optional
c) Is correct. Inspection is a formal process based on rules and checklists
d) Is not correct. Does not explicitly require a formal process and the use
of checklists is optional
Which of the following statements about static testing are MOST true?
a) Static testing is a cheap way to detect and remove defects
b) Static testing makes dynamic testing less challenging
c) Static testing makes it possible to find run-time problems early in the lifecycle
d) When testing safety-critical system, static testing has less value because dynamic testing
finds the defects better
Select ONE options.
a) Is correct. Defects found early are often much cheaper to remove than
defects detected later in the lifecycle
b) Is not correct. Dynamic testing still has its challenging because they find
other types of defects
c) Is not correct. This is dynamic testing
d) Is not correct. Static testing is important for safety-critical computer
systems
You will be invited to a review. The work product to be reviewed is a description of the in-house
document creation process. The aim of the description is to present the work distribution between
the different roles involved in the process in a way that can be clearly understood by everyone.
You will be invited to a checklist-based review. The checklist will also be sent to you. It includes the
following points:
i. Is the person who performs the activity clearly identified for each activity?
ii. Are the entry criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iii. Are the exit criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iv. Are the supporting roles and their scope of work clearly defined for each activity?
In the following we show an excerpt of the work result to be reviewed, for which you should use the
checklist above:
“After checking the customer documentation for completeness and correctness, the software
architect creates the system specification. Once the software architect has completed the system
specification, he invites testers and verifiers to the review. A checklist describes the scope of the
review. Each invited reviewer creates review comments - if necessary - and concludes the review
with an official review done-comment.”
Which of the following statements about your review is correct?
a) Point ii) of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear which condition must be
fulfilled to invite to the review
b) You notice that in addition to the tester and the verifier, the validator must also be invited.
Since this item is not part of your checklist, you do not create a corresponding comment
c) Point iii) of the checklist has been violated as it is not clear what marks the review as
completed
d) Point i) of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear who is providing the
checklist for the invitation to the review
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. It is described that the software architect must have
completed the system specification
b) Is not correct. ‘Checklist-based’, last sentence it is documented that you
should also look for defects outside the checklist
c) Is not correct. It is described: every reviewer did his review done
comment
d) Is correct. It is described that a checklist is available, but who provides
the checklist?
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY reflects the value of static testing?
a) By introducing reviews, we have found that both the quality of specifications and the time
required for development and testing have increased
b) Using static testing means we have better control and cheaper defect management due to
the ease of detecting defects later in the lifecycle
c) Now that we require the use of static analysis, missed requirements have decreased and
communication between testers and developers has improved
d) Since we started using static analysis, we find coding defects that might have not been
found by performing only dynamic testing
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Reviews should increase the quality of specifications,
however the time required for development and testing should decrease
b) Is not correct. Detecting defects is generally easier earlier in the
lifecycle
c) Is not correct. Reviews will result in fewer missed requirements and
better communication between testers and developers, however this is
not true for static analysis
d) Is correct. This is a benefit of static analysis
Which of the following statements on the use of checklists in a formal review is CORRECT?
a) As part of the review planning, the reviewers create the checklists needed for the review
b) As part of the issue communication, the reviewers fill in the checklists provided for the
review
c) As part of the review meeting, the reviewers create defect reports based on the checklists
provided for the review
d) As part of the review initiation, the reviewers receive the checklists needed for the review
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. During planning it is decided whether checklists are used.
The preparation of the checklists is not part of the planning. In addition,
the reviewers are neither involved in the planning, nor responsible for
the creation of the checklists
b) Is not correct. During issue communication, any potential defects that
have been identified in the individual review are communicated. The
completion of checklists by the reviewers already takes place, if at all,
during individual review
c) Is not correct. During review session, the reviewers communicate any
potential defects of the work product that they did identify during the
individual review. Defect reports are only created during the fixing and
reporting activity
d) Is correct. Initiating the review (“Kick-off”) involves distributing the work
product and other materials, like checklists
Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the roles and responsibilities in a formal review?
a) Manager – Decides on the execution of reviews
b) Review Leader - Ensures effective running of review meetings
c) Scribe – Fixes defects in the work product under review
d) Moderator – Monitors ongoing cost-effectiveness
Select ONE option.
a) Is correct. The management decides about performing the review
b) Is not correct. The moderator, not the review leader should ensure the
effective running of review meetings
c) Is not correct. The author fixes the work product under review
d) Is not correct. The manager monitors ongoing cost-effectiveness
The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:
- There is a role of a scribe
- The purpose is to detect potential defects
- The review meeting is led by the author
- Reviewers find potential defects by individual review
- A review report is produced
Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?
a) Informal Review
b) Walkthrough
c) Technical Review
d) Inspection
Select ONE option.
Considering the attributes:
- There is a role of a scribe – specified for walkthroughs, technical
reviews, and inspections; thus, the reviews being performed cannot
be informal reviews - The purpose is to detect potential defects – the purpose of detecting
potential defects is specified for all types of review. - The review meeting is led by the author – this is not allowed for
inspections and is typically not the author for technical reviews, but
is part of walkthroughs, and allowed for informal reviews - Reviewers find potential issues by individual review - all types of
reviews can include individual review (even informal reviews) - A review report is produced - all types of reviews can produce a
review report, although it would be less likely for an informal review
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
You have been asked to take part in a checklist-based review of the following excerpt from the
requirements specification for a library system:
Librarians can:
1. Register new borrowers
2. Return books from borrowers
3. Accept fines from borrowers
4. Add new books to the system with their ISBN, author and title
5. Remove books from the system
6. Get system responses within 5 seconds
Borrowers can:
7. Borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time
8. View the history of books they have borrowed/reserved
9. Be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks
10. Get system responses within 3 seconds
11. Borrow a book at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks
12. Reserve books (if they are on-loan)
All users (librarians and borrowers):
13. Can search for books by ISBN, author, or title
14. Can browse the system catalogue
15. The system shall respond to user requests within 3 seconds
16. The user interface shall be easy-to-use
You have been assigned the checklist entry that requires you to review the specification for
inconsistencies between individual requirements (i.e., conflicts between requirements).
Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies inconsistencies between pairs of requirements?
a) 6-10, 6-15, 7-12
b) 6-15, 9-11
c) 6-10, 6-15, 9-11
d) 6-15, 7-12
Select ONE option.
Considering the potential inconsistencies:
- 6-10 – If librarians should get system responses within 5 seconds, it
is NOT inconsistent for borrowers to get system responses within 3
seconds. - 6-15 - If librarians should get system responses within 5 seconds, it
is inconsistent for all users to get system responses within 3
seconds. - 7-12 – If borrowers can borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time it
is NOT inconsistent for them to also reserve books (if they are on-
loan).
- 9-11 – If a borrower can be fined for failing to return a book within 3
weeks it is inconsistent for them to also be allowed to borrow a book
at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks – as the length of valid loans
are different.
Of the potential inconsistencies, 6-15 and 9-11 are valid inconsistencies.
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting?
a) Facilitator
b) Programmer
c) Author
d) Project manager
Select ONE option.
a) Is correct. The facilitator or moderator runs the review meetings
b) Is not correct. This is not a role name for a formal review participant
c) Is not correct. The facilitator or moderator runs the review meetings
d) Is not correct. The facilitator or moderator runs the review meetings
You are reading a user story in the product backlog to prepare for a meeting with the product
owner and a developer, noting potential defects as you go. Which of the following statements is
true about this activity?
a) It is not a static test, because static testing involves execution of the test object
b) It is not a static test, because static testing is always performed using a tool
c) It is a static test, because any defects you find could be found cheaper during dynamic
testing
d) It is a static test because static testing does not involve execution of the test object
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Static testing does not involve execution of the test object
b) Is not correct. Some static tests involve the use of a tool, especially
static analysis, but reviews (such as the activity described here) do not
necessarily involve the use of a tool
c) Is not correct. The review activity described here is part of a static test,
but defects found in static tests are usually cheaper than those found in
dynamic testing
d) Is correct. Static testing does not involve execution of the test object
During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various
project participants, announcing a previously unplanned technical review to occur in one week. No
adjustments are made to the participants’ list of assigned tasks. Based on this information alone,
which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING?
a) Appropriate review type
b) Adequate time to prepare
c) Sufficient metrics to evaluate the author
d) Well-managed review meeting
a) Is not correct. Technical reviews are appropriate for technical
documents such as a system architecture
b) Is correct. Adequate time for preparation is important, but people are
working overtime and no adjustments are made for this new set of tasks
c) Is not correct. Gathering metrics from a review to evaluate participants
is a factor that leads to failure, not success, because it destroys trust
d) Is not correct. A well-managed review meeting is important, but there is
no reason to think the review meeting will not be well managed based
on the information provided
You are working as a tester on an Agile team and have participated in over two dozen user story
refinement sessions with the product owner and the developers on the team at the start of each
iteration. As the reviews have gotten more effective at detecting defects in user stories and the
product owner more proficient at correcting those defects, you and the team notice that the team’s
velocity, as shown in your burndown charts, has started to increase. Which of the following is a
benefit of static testing that is MOST DIRECTLY related to the team’s increased velocity?
a) Increasing total cost of quality
b) Reducing testing cost
c) Increasing development productivity
d) Reducing total cost of quality
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. Reviews reduce, not increase, the total cost of quality
b) Is not correct. Increasing velocity is a sign of increasing development
productivity overall, not just testing, so B only partially applies
c) Is correct. Velocity is a way of measuring productivity in Agile
development
d) Is not correct. The benefit mentioned here has to do with increasing
overall development team productivity
You are working on a video game development project, using Agile methods. It is based on Greek
mythology and history, and players can play key roles in scenarios such as the battles between the
Greeks and Trojans.
Consider the following user story and its associated acceptance criteria:
As a player,
I want to be able to acquire the Rod of Midas (a new magic object),
so that I can turn objects and other players into gold
AC1: The Rod must work on any object or player, no matter what size, which can be
touched anywhere by the player holding the Rod
AC2: Holding the Rod does not change the player holding it into gold
AC3: Any object or player touched by the Rod transforms completely into gold within
one millisecond
AC4: The Rod appears as shown in Prototype O.W.RoM
AC5: The transformation starts at the point of contact with the Rod and moves at a
rate of one meter per millisecond
You are participating in a checklist-based review session of this user story.
This user story and its associated acceptance criteria contain which of the following typical defects
identified by static testing in this type of work product?
a) Deviation from standards
b) Contradiction
c) Security vulnerability
d) Coverage gaps
Select ONE option.
a) Is not correct. While deviation from standards is a typical, we are not
given any standard with which the user stories should comply
b) Is correct. Contradiction is a typical requirements defect. AC3 and AC5
conflict if the Rod is touched to an object that extends more than 1
meter in any direction from the point at which touched, since AC1 does
not limit the size of the objects to be touched
c) Is not correct. While security vulnerabilities are typical defects, there is
nothing here related to security
d) Is not correct. While test coverage gaps are typical defects, including
missing tests for acceptance criteria, we are not provided with any
information about which tests do and do not exist
