Lesson 4 How They Work Flashcards
Provides the force to hold matter together, tear it apart, & move from one place to another.
energy
energy in moving objects
Kinetic energy
stored energy; latent & ready for use.
Potential energy
energy stored in food or carbon compounds
Chemical energy
intense, concentrated, & high in temperature
High quality
diffused, dispersed, low in temperature
Low quality
use chemicals like sulfur to create organic food compounds.
Chemosynthesis
use radiation energy from sun to create organic food compounds.
Photosynthesis
use ATP to breakdown glucose to store energy in chemical bonds of more ATP
Cellular respiration
simple pattern of food-energy transfer in an ecosystem
. Food chains
more complex- show all feeding relationships in ecosystem
Food Webs
top carnivores or omnivores
Tertiary consumers
carnivores
Secondary Consumers
herbivores
Primary Consumers
plants
Primary Producers
eat dead carcasses with mouth
Ex: vulture, crow
Scavengers
eat leaf litter, dung, debris
Ex: ants, beetles
Detritivores
absorb nutrients from dead or dung thru cell wall
Decomposers
energy is conserved, neither created nor destroyed
1st law of thermodynamics
entropy (disorder) increases in all natural systems; less energy is available to do work; it has not been destroyed, only dissipated.
2nd law of thermodynamics
shows mass of available nutrients at each level
Pyramid of Biomass
shows actual numbers of organisms at each level
Pyramid of Numbers
the continuous flow of elements and compounds between organisms and the earth
biogeochemical cycles
applies the principle of the Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter is neither created nor destroyed
Biogeochemical Cycle
Types of Biogeochemical Cycles
- Gaseous Cycles
- Sedimentary Cycles
Essential for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Part of LIFE’s BIOMOLECULES
Part of FOSSIL FUELS
Major cause of GLOBAL WARMING
Carbon
MOST ABUNDANT GAS in the atmosphere
Converted into several form with the aid of different bacteria while in the cycle.
Nitrogen (N2)
is the first step in the process of making nitrogen usable by plants
Fixation
with the aid of lightning
Atmospheric fixation
due to extremely high temperature
Industrial fixation
with the aid of bacteria
Biological fixation
This is the process by which ammonium changed into nitrates by bacteria.
Nitrates are what the plants can then absorb.
Nitrification
This is how plants get nitrogen.
They absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots. Then the nitrogen gets used in amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll.
Assimilation
This is part of the decaying process.
When a plant or animal dies, decomposers like fungi and bacteria turn the nitrogen back into ammonium
Ammonification
Extra nitrogen in the soil gets put back out into the air.
Denitrification
Component of DNA, RNA, ATP, proteins and enzymes.
Source: ROCK
Released into the cycle through MINING and WEATHERING
Phosphorus
enters the atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during
fossil fuel
combustion
volcanic eruptions
decomposition.
Sulfur
2nd abundant gas in the atmosphere
WASTE product of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Essential for ENERGY PRODUCTION.
Oxygen Cycle
also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
Water Cycle
Processes involved in the Water Cycle
Evaporation ->
Condensation ->
Precipitation ->
Infiltration ->
Run-off ->
Sublimation ->
Transpiration ->
Snow melt ->
