Lesson 4 How They Work

Question 1

Provides the force to hold matter together, tear it apart, & move from one place to another.

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

energy in moving objects

Answer 2

Kinetic energy

Question 3

stored energy; latent & ready for use.

Answer 3

Potential energy

Question 4

energy stored in food or carbon compounds

Answer 4

Chemical energy

Question 5

intense, concentrated, & high in temperature

Answer 5

High quality

Question 6

diffused, dispersed, low in temperature

Answer 6

Low quality

Question 7

use chemicals like sulfur to create organic food compounds.

Answer 7

Chemosynthesis

Question 8

use radiation energy from sun to create organic food compounds.

Answer 8

Photosynthesis

Question 9

use ATP to breakdown glucose to store energy in chemical bonds of more ATP

Answer 9

Cellular respiration

Question 10

simple pattern of food-energy transfer in an ecosystem

Answer 10

. Food chains

Question 11

more complex- show all feeding relationships in ecosystem

Answer 11

Food Webs

Question 12

top carnivores or omnivores

Answer 12

Tertiary consumers

Question 13

carnivores

Answer 13

Secondary Consumers

Question 14

herbivores

Answer 14

Primary Consumers

Question 15

plants

Answer 15

Primary Producers

Question 16

eat dead carcasses with mouth
Ex: vulture, crow

Answer 16

Scavengers

Question 17

eat leaf litter, dung, debris
Ex: ants, beetles

Answer 17

Detritivores

Question 18

absorb nutrients from dead or dung thru cell wall

Answer 18

Decomposers

Question 19

energy is conserved, neither created nor destroyed

Answer 19

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 20

entropy (disorder) increases in all natural systems; less energy is available to do work; it has not been destroyed, only dissipated.

Answer 20

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 21

shows mass of available nutrients at each level

Answer 21

Pyramid of Biomass

Question 22

shows actual numbers of organisms at each level

Answer 22

Pyramid of Numbers

Question 23

the continuous flow of elements and compounds between organisms and the earth

Answer 23

biogeochemical cycles

Question 24

applies the principle of the Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter is neither created nor destroyed

Answer 24

Biogeochemical Cycle

Question 25

Types of Biogeochemical Cycles

Answer 25

1. Gaseous Cycles
2. Sedimentary Cycles

Question 26

Essential for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Part of LIFE’s BIOMOLECULES
Part of FOSSIL FUELS
Major cause of GLOBAL WARMING

Answer 26

Carbon

Question 27

MOST ABUNDANT GAS in the atmosphere
Converted into several form with the aid of different bacteria while in the cycle.

Answer 27

Nitrogen (N2)

Question 28

is the first step in the process of making nitrogen usable by plants

Answer 28

Fixation

Question 29

with the aid of lightning

Answer 29

Atmospheric fixation

Question 30

due to extremely high temperature

Answer 30

Industrial fixation

Question 31

with the aid of bacteria

Answer 31

Biological fixation

Question 32

This is the process by which ammonium changed into nitrates by bacteria.
Nitrates are what the plants can then absorb.

Answer 32

Nitrification

Question 33

This is how plants get nitrogen.
They absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots. Then the nitrogen gets used in amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll.

Answer 33

Assimilation

Question 34

This is part of the decaying process.
When a plant or animal dies, decomposers like fungi and bacteria turn the nitrogen back into ammonium

Answer 34

Ammonification

Question 35

Extra nitrogen in the soil gets put back out into the air.

Answer 35

Denitrification

Question 36

Component of DNA, RNA, ATP, proteins and enzymes.
Source: ROCK
Released into the cycle through MINING and WEATHERING

Answer 36

Phosphorus

Question 37

enters the atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during
fossil fuel
combustion
volcanic eruptions
decomposition.

Answer 37

Sulfur

Question 38

2nd abundant gas in the atmosphere

WASTE product of PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Essential for ENERGY PRODUCTION.

Answer 38

Oxygen Cycle

Question 39

also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

Answer 39

Water Cycle

Question 40

Processes involved in the Water Cycle

Answer 40

Evaporation ->
Condensation ->
Precipitation ->
Infiltration ->
Run-off ->
Sublimation ->
Transpiration ->
Snow melt ->