Lesson 2

Question 1

Earth’s Layers

Answer 1

1. Crust
2. Mantle
3. Outer Core
4. Inner Core

Question 2

Thickness: 32km
Materials: granite rocks
Temp: surface temperature
- 1600º F

Answer 2

Continental Crust

Question 3

Thickness: 8km
Materials: basalt rocks
Temp: surface temperature
- 1600º F

Answer 3

Oceanic Crust

Question 4

Thickness: 2,900 km
Materials: Molten rock called magma
Temp: 1600º F - 4000º F

Answer 4

Mantle

Question 5

Thickness: 2,200 km
Materials: Nickel and iron in liquid state
Temp: 4000º F - 9000º F

Answer 5

Outer Core

Question 6

Thickness: 1,250 km
Materials: Nickel and iron in liquid state
Temp: 9000º F ++

Answer 6

Inner Core

Question 7

The Earth’s outermost surface which makes up 1% of the Earth.

Relative to its size, Earth’s crust is about as thin as an apple’s skin.

It is relatively light and brittle so that most earthquakes occur in this layer.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.

Answer 7

Crust

Question 8

Although the __?__ does have a thin solid layer at the top, it is composed almost entirely of magma - molten rock inside the earth.

Answer 8

Mantle

Question 9

are caused by the very hot magma at the deepest part of the mantle rising to the top, then cooling and sinking to the bottom, and repeating the cycle over again.

Answer 9

Convection Currents

Question 10

The massive pieces of solid rock that float on the molten material in the mantle below.
These plates move on top of the asthenosphere

Answer 10

Lithospheric Plates

Question 11

Pressures and temperatures in this layer are greater than the mantle and crust.

When the Earth rotates, the liquid in the __?__ spins creating the Earth’s magnetic field.

Answer 11

Outer Core

Question 12

Solid innermost layer of the Earth.

It is about 1,250 km thick and has the greatest pressures, temperatures, and the most dense materials of any layer.

Answer 12

Inner Core

Question 13

is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids (mineral-like substance).

Answer 13

rock

Question 14

The Earth’s outer solid layer

Answer 14

lithosphere

Question 15

The scientific study of rocks is called

Answer 15

petrology

Question 16

These are rocks that solidified directly from molten magma. (mother rock)

Examples:
Granite
Basalt
Pumice
Flint

Answer 16

Igneous Rock

Question 17

These are formed when igneous rocks are eroded as a sediment under the sea.

Examples
Limestone
Chalk
Sandstone

Answer 17

Sedimentary Rock

Question 18

These are made up of igneous and sedimentary rocks of all ages which have been subjected to intense pressure.

Examples:
Slate
Marble
Quartzite

Answer 18

Metamorphic Rock

Question 19

is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity.

Answer 19

Weathering

Question 20

is the process by which soil and rock particles are worn away and moved elsewhere by gravity, or by a moving transport agent – wind, water or ice.

Answer 20

Erosion

Question 21

covers much of the land on Earth.

Answer 21

Soil

Question 22

Soil Horizons (Layers)

Answer 22

O Horizon (humus)
A Horizon (topsoil)
E Horizon (eluviation layer)
B Horizon (subsoil)
C Horizon (regolith)
R Horizon (bedrock)

Question 23

The top, organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus (decomposed organic matter).

Answer 23

O Horizon

Question 24

The layer called topsoil. Seeds germinate and plant roots grow in this dark-colored layer. It is made up of humus (decomposed organic matter) mixed with mineral particles.

Answer 24

A Horizon

Question 25

This eluviation (leaching) layer is light in color. It is made up mostly of sand and silt, having lost most of its minerals and clay as water drips through the soil (in the process of eluviation).

Answer 25

E Horizon

Question 26

Also called the subsoil. It contains clay and mineral deposits (like iron, aluminum oxides, and calcium carbonate) that it receives from layers above it when mineralized water drips from the soil above.

Answer 26

B Horizon

Question 27

Also called regolith. It consists of slightly broken-up bedrock. Plant roots do not penetrate into this layer and very little organic material is found in this layer.

Answer 27

C Horizon

Question 28

The unweathered rock (bedrock) layer that is beneath all the other layers.

Answer 28

R Horizon

Question 29

(also known as aquake,tremorortemblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in theEarth’scrustthat createsseismic waves.

Answer 29

earthquake

Question 30

> occurred on October 15, 2013, at8:12 a.m.

> It affected the whole Central Visayasregion, particularly Bohol andCebu. at the epicenter was recorded atMw 7.2

Answer 30

2013 Bohol earthquake