Lesson 4 Geological Processes

Question 1

breaking down of rocks either mechanically or chemically

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

process wherein rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition

Answer 2

mechanical weathering

Question 3

process wherein rock materials r changed into other substances that have different physical and chemical compositions

Answer 3

chemical weathering

Question 4

involves repeated cycles of freezing and thawing of ice

Answer 4

frost wedging

Question 5

rocks are composed of different minerals which expand and contract when subjected to sudden changes in temp

Answer 5

heating and cooling

Question 6

happens when seawater penetrates crevices in rocks which are found mostly in rocky shorelines and arid regions

Answer 6

salt crystal growth

Question 7

action of organisms including plants and animals reduces the size of rocks and minerals which make rocks more susceptible to chemical weathering

Answer 7

biological activity

Question 8

process wherein a solid dissolves in a liquid

Answer 8

dissolution

Question 9

water reacts with a mineral to form a new mineral

Answer 9

hydrolysis

Question 10

chemical combination of oxygen with a mineral to form an entirely different mineral in which at least one of the elements has a higher ionic charge

Answer 10

oxidation

Question 11

movement of sediments and particle thru help of transporting media such as glacial ice, water, and wind

constant recycling of earths materials under the rock cycle

Answer 11

erosion

Question 12

movement of sediments due mainly to gravity

does not need any transporting medium

Answer 12

mass wasting

Question 13

process of deposition once the sediments are transported

Answer 13

sedimentation

Question 14

occurs along plate boundaries or margins and sometimes within the plate

Answer 14

magmatism

Question 15

occurs when the temperature stays the same but the pressure decreases

Answer 15

decompression melting

Question 16

process where volatiles or gaseous substances are added into the hot solid rocks

occurs in subduction zones

Answer 16

flux melting

Question 17

the melting of surrounding rocks caused by very hot magma bringing in additional heat

Answer 17

heat transfer melting

Question 18

when rock begins to melt, only certain minerals are melted

Answer 18

partial melting

Question 19

if the magma is separated from rock that has undergone compete melting, the magma will consist of components that melted at lower temp

Answer 19

fractionation

Question 20

process where magma rises to the surface of Earth as lava

Answer 20

volcanism

Question 21

volcanism manifests as ridges or fissures where products of decompression melting erupt

Answer 21

divergent plate boundaries

Question 22

host large number of volcanoes, lava flows and pyroclastic materials make up these volcanoes, subduction melting forms elongated chains of volcanoes following the shape of trench called volcanic or island arcs

Answer 22

convergent plate boundaries

Question 23

move slowly and follow low ares

Answer 23

lava flows