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Earth Science (Term 2) > Lesson 1 Origin of The Universe and The Solar System > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Origin of The Universe and The Solar System Flashcards

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1
Q

study of the earth and its neighbor in space

A

earth science

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2
Q

science of earth

A

geology

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3
Q

science of atmosphere

A

meteorology

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4
Q

science of universe

A

astronomy

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5
Q

science of oceans

A

oceanography

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6
Q

narrative from genesis that states that what we have at the present came from a superior being—God/Deity

A

creation myth

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7
Q

hindu text describes universe as OSCILLATING, “cosmic egg”/Brahmanda that contains the whole universe expands out a single point (Bindu) and will collapse again

A

Rigveda

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8
Q

Anaxagoras believed that the original state of the cosmos was primordial mixture of all its ingredients

A

primordial universe theory

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9
Q

the universe was composed of small, indestructible, invisible atoms

A

atomic universe

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10
Q

who believed the atomic universe theory?

A

Leucippus & Democritus

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11
Q

earth is motionless in heaven and everything revolves around it

A

geocentric universe

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12
Q

who believed the geocentric universe theory?

A

Greek philosophers, Aristotle & Ptolemy

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13
Q

motion of celestial bodies could be explained without putting earth at the center of universe

A

heliocentric universe

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14
Q

who believed the heliocentric universe theory?

A

Nicolas Copernicus

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15
Q

-13.7 BYA there was nothing
- Great explosion occurred
- Space, time, matter, and energy in all directions
- Tiny compact point - Singularity

A

Big bang theory (1920)

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16
Q

who believed the Big bang theory?

A

Alexander Friedman & Georges Lamaitre

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17
Q

expansion of the universe

A

Inflationary Epoch (10-35s)

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18
Q

quarks, electrons, photons, neutrinos

A

Formation of the universe (10-6s)

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19
Q

Nucleosynthesis occur where protons + neutrons (the one that forms) + nuclei. H+ nucleic began to combine to from He Nucleic

A

Basic Elements formation (3s)

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20
Q

formed the cosmic microwave background radiation->radiation left from early development of the universe

A

radiation era (10000yrs)

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21
Q

radiation left over from early development of the universe

A

cmb radiation

22
Q

lithium began to be formed, electrons joined with H and He nuclei to make small neutral atoms

A

matter domination (300000yrs)

23
Q

areas of gas became denser and then collapsed resulting to ignition

A

stars and galaxies (300m yrs)

24
Q

group of stars

A

galaxies

25
Q

galaxies move away from each other

A

redshift

26
Q

there was a period of exponential expansion prior to the big bang expansion, during the rapid expansion, the size of the universe increased by a factor of approx. 1026 in only a fraction of a second

A

inflation theory

27
Q

who proposed the inflation theory

A

alan guth, andrei linde, paul steinhart, andy albrecht

28
Q

the universe is always expanding but maintaining constant average density

A

steady state theory

29
Q

who proposed steady state theory

A

hermann bondi, thomas gold, fred hoyle. (1948)

30
Q

theory that states that universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each beginning with a big bang and ends with a big crunch

A

oscillating universe theory

31
Q

sees universe as one of the many bubbles that grew as part of a multiverse

A

multiverse theory

32
Q

russian american physicist that developed multiverse theory

A

andrei linde

33
Q

states that the planets were formed by the collision of the sun with a giant comet resulting debris formed planets

A

buffon’s collision theory

34
Q

proposed buffon’s collision theory

A

george louis leclerc, comte de buffon (1707-1788)

35
Q

states that the planets were formed from the substance that were torn out of the sun when a massive star passed near the sun, the materials condensed to form the planets

A

jeans jeffreys tidal theory

36
Q

who proposed jeans jeffreys tidal theory

A

james hopwood jeans and harold jeffreys

37
Q

great cloud of gas and dust called nebula begins to collapse because of gravitational pull

A

kant-laplace nebular theory

38
Q

who proposed nebular theories

A

immanuel kant (1724-1804)
pierre simon laplace (1749-1827)

39
Q

the solar system was formed as a result of condensation of hydrogen gas and dust called as the interstellar gas and dust cloud

due to the explosion of star called as supernova the cloud began to collapse due to gravity forming the sun and the planets

the present working model for the formation of the solar system

A

solar nebular/protoplanet theory

40
Q

formed from the first stage of accretion of grain sized particles from the nebula

A

planetisimals

41
Q

massive objects that are formed from the coalescing planetisimals

A

protoplanets

42
Q

made up of rocks and are sometimes called minor planets

A

asteroids

43
Q

1st known asteroid

A

ceres

44
Q

asteroids perturbed out of the asteroid belt and may come close to earth

A

near earth asteroids

45
Q

composed mainly of ice

A

comets

46
Q

outermost region if the solar system where halley’s comets came from

A

kuiper belt

47
Q

further than kuiper belt

A

oort cloud

48
Q

earth like planets/inner planets

composed mostly of dense rocky metallic materials

have a molten heavy metal core few moons and topological features such as valleys volcanoes craters

A

terrestrial planets

49
Q

what are the terrestrial planets

A

mercury venus mars and earth

50
Q

jupiter like or gas planets

mostly made up of hydrogen and helium

A

jovian planets

51
Q

what are the jovian planets

A

jupiter saturn uranus neptune

52
Q

dwarf planet by international astronomical union

orbits the sun

has sufficient mass for irs self gravity

has not cleared the neighborhood around it

A

pluto

Earth Science (Term 2) (4 decks)

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