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Earth Science (Term 2) > Lesson 3 Minerals and Rocks > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Minerals and Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

naturally occurring not man made
inorganic
solid
definite chemical composition
ordered internal structure

A

mineral

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2
Q

quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

A

luster

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3
Q

generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal

A

metallic

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4
Q

vitreous (glassy) adamantine (diamond like) resinous, silky, pearl, dull, greasy

A

non metallic

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5
Q

measure of resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratch

A

hardness

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6
Q

unique identifying property of minerals and maybe a poor indicator

A

color

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7
Q

color of mineral in powdered form

A

streak

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8
Q

golden color black or dark gray streak

A

pyrite

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9
Q

the ability of mineral to break along planes of weak bonding

A

cleavage

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10
Q

some minerals may not have cleavages but may exhibit broken surfaces that are irregular and non planar

A

fracture

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11
Q

it is the ratio of the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal volume of water

A

specific gravity

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12
Q

silicon 28% and oxygen 47% over 90% of the rock forming minerals belong to this group

A

silicates

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13
Q

minerals containing oxygen anion (-O2) combined with one or more metal ions

A

oxides

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14
Q

minerals containing sulfur and oxygen anon (S04) combined with other ions

A

sulfates

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15
Q

contains sulfur anion (S2) combined with one or more ions

A

sulfides

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16
Q

contains carbonate anion (C03) 2- combined with other elements

A

carbonates

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17
Q

contains halogen elements combined with one or more elements

A

halides

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18
Q

minerals that form as individual elements

A

native elements

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19
Q

minerals with high thermal and electrical conductivity, typically with metallic luster, low hardness

A

metals and inter metals

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20
Q

more fragile than metals and have lower conductivity

A

semi metals

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21
Q

formed when magma or lava cool to a solid form, either glass or masses of tightly inter grown mineral crystals

A

igneous

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22
Q

formed from magma and tends to take a long time to solidify into rock has phaneretic textures

A

intrusive or plutonic

23
Q

formed from lava and tends to solidify quickly common textures include aphanitic and porphyritic

A

extrusive or volcanic

24
Q

fine grained, not visible to the naked eye, relatively fast rates of cooling/solidification prevent the formation of large crystals

A

aphanitic

25
Q

natural glass with very few crystals

A

glassy

26
Q

rock fragments volcanic ash

A

pyroclastic

27
Q

air bubbles trapped inside

A

vesicular

28
Q

65% silica, generally light colored

A

felsic/granitic

29
Q

55-65% silica, generally medium colored (gray)

A

intermediate/andesitic

30
Q

44-55% silica, usually dark colored

A

mafic/basaltic

31
Q

<45% silica, generally very dark colored

A

ultramafic

32
Q

formed at or near the surface of the earth

when mineral crystals and clasts of plants animals or rocks are compressed or naturally cemented together

weathering, erosion, transport and deposition

A

sedimentary

33
Q

formed from the erode part of other rocks

clastic rocks with volcanic origin

A

clastic sedimentary

34
Q

evaporation and precipitation from solution or lithification of organic matter

A

non clastic sedimentary

35
Q

formed below the surface of the earth thru process of metamorphism with the recrystallization of minerals in rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature conditions

A

metamorphic

36
Q

heat and reactive fluids as main factor

occurs when re existing rocks gets in contact with magma which the source of heat and magmatic fluids where metamorphic alterations and transformations occur around he contact of metamorphic aureole of the intruding magma and the rock layers

A

contact metamorphism

37
Q

pressure as main factor

occurs in areas that have undergone considerate amount of mechanical deformation and chemical recrystallization during orogenic event which are commonly associated with mountain belts

creates foliated metamorphic rocks

A

regional metamorphism

38
Q

process of breaking down or dissolving rocks

A

weathering

39
Q

soil and rock particles are driven by a transport agent

A

erosion

40
Q

the laying down of the sediment carried by any transport agent

A

deposition

41
Q

the process wherein the sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks

A

lithification

42
Q

forms from the accumulation of materials both from chemical and mechanical weathering

A

detrital sedimentary rocks

43
Q

rocks altered at high temp and moderate pressures

A

hydrothermal metamorphism

44
Q

when extraterrestrial body impacts with earth

A

shock metamorphism

45
Q

concentrated within an igneous body thru magmatic processes

A

magmatic ore deposits

46
Q

concentration by hot aqueous fluids

A

hydrothermal ore deposits

47
Q

concentrated by chemical precipitation from lake or sea water

A

sedimentary ore deposits

48
Q

concentration thru gravity separation

A

placer ore deposits

49
Q

concentrated by chemical weathering

A

residual ore deposits

50
Q

addition of chemicals ike cyanide or acid to dissolve non-useful rock

A

heap leaching

51
Q

addition of substances that produces air bubbles and attach to minerals to make em float

A

flotation

52
Q

consolidated mixture of one or more minerals

A

rocks

53
Q

the minerals toughness or resistance to breaking

A

tenacity

Earth Science (Term 2) (4 decks)

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