Lesson 4: Community Ecology, Population Ecology and Sustainability

Question 1

Species that naturally live and coexist and evolved through natural selection

Answer 1

Native

Question 2

Species that are accidentally or purposefully introduced

Answer 2

Alien / Exotic / Non-native

Question 3

species that can alert to harmful changes

Answer 3

Indicator

Question 4

species that affects many other
organisms in an ecosystem

Answer 4

Keystone species

Question 5

the interaction that results when one organism uses the resource at the expense of another.

Answer 5

Competition

Question 6

two organisms of different species compete to obtain the same limited resource

Answer 6

Interspecific Competition

Question 7

One species eliminates another by out competing

Answer 7

Competitive Exclusion

Question 8

An ecological interaction that happens when one animal kills/eats another

Answer 8

Predation

Question 9

Special, close, physical relationship between two different species. At least one species benefits from the interaction.

Answer 9

Symbiotic Relationship

Question 10

one species benefits from another without harm

Answer 10

Commensalism

Question 11

one species benefits from another with harm

Answer 11

Parasitism

Question 12

both species benefit

Answer 12

Mutualism

Question 13

an event that alters an ecosystem, either significantly changing it, or wiping it out entirely.

Answer 13

Disturbance

Question 14

when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time (e.g., after volcanic eruption)

Answer 14

Primary Succession

Question 15

Occurs when an existing community is disturbed, but some parts are left behind

Answer 15

Secondary Succession

Question 16

Variables that Govern the size

Answer 16

Birth
Death
Immigration
Emmigration

Question 17

Number of individuals added through reproduction

Answer 17

Natality

Question 18

Number of individuals removed via death

Answer 18

Mortality

Question 19

Number of individuals per unit area.

Answer 19

Population Density

Question 20

Describes where the population is found, such as even or clumped.

Answer 20

Spatial Distribution

Question 21

Movement of individuals into new areas.

Answer 21

Dispersal

Question 22

Out Movement

Answer 22

Emmigration

Question 23

In movement

Answer 23

Immigration

Question 24

the ability of a population of living species to increase under ideal environmental conditions

Answer 24

Biotic Potential

Question 25

rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources

Answer 25

Intrinsic rate of increase

Question 26

ability of a population to produce offspring; usually higher than replacement level; leads to exponential growth curve.

Answer 26

Reproductive Capacity

Question 27

Number of individuals of a species than can be indefinitely sustained in a given area.

Answer 27

Carrying Capacity

Question 28

Any factor in the environment limiting carrying capacity.

Answer 28

Environmental Resistance

Question 29

Main types of Environmental Resistance

Answer 29

Raw material availability
Energy availability
Waste Accumulation and Disposal
Organism Interaction

Question 30

Factors that gets more limiting as population density increases

Answer 30

Density-dependent Factors

Question 31

Factors that does not vary by density (climate)

Answer 31

Density-independent factors

Question 32

Two categories of species

Answer 32

K-selected species
R-selected species

Question 33

Small number of offspring, high parental care

Answer 33

K-Selected Species (competitors)

Question 34

Large number of offspring, low parental care

Answer 34

R-selected species

Question 35

maximum rate of resource consumption and waste discharge that can be sustained indefinitely without impairing the integrity and productivity of ecosystems.

Answer 35

Human Carrying Capacity

Question 36

Human Impacts on Ecosystems

Answer 36

Habitat degradation and fragmentation
Ecosystem simplification
Genetic resistance
Predator elimination
Introduction of non-native species Over-harvesting renewable resources
Interference with ecological systems