LESSON 4: CELL CYCLE

Question 1

● Phospholipid bilayer
● Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail in two layers
○ The outer portion is the hydrophobic region of
the cell membrane
● Based on the fluid-mosaic model, the lipid bilayer is the
core of the membrane
● Contains cholesterol, cardiolipin, sphingomyelin
● Contains carbohydrates known as oligosaccharides and
membrane proteins

Answer 1

Cell membrane

Question 2

Membrane Proteins:
■ Integral Proteins
■ Lipid-anchored Proteins
■ Peripheral Proteins

Answer 2

Cell membrane

Question 3

● Several ________ are found in the cytoplasm
● The presence and abundance of the different __________
varies between different tissues and different organisms
● Suspended in a fluid-filled region called the cytosol

Answer 3

Organelles

Question 4

● Non-membrane bound organelles that are responsible for the synthesis of protein
● Made up of small sub-unit (40 S) and large sub-unit (60 S)
● Also contains protein and rRNA which are synthesized in the nucleolus

Answer 4

Ribosomes

Question 5

● May be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum specifically called _______ Endoplasmic Reticulum or may be free floating in the cytoplasm
● _________ can also be attached to the perinuclear membrane

Answer 5

Rough: Ribosomes

Question 6

● Double membrane-bound organelle
● Appear as folded layers that seems to be connected to the nuclear membrane

Answer 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

2 types:
○ Rough ER
○ Smooth ER

Answer 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Responsible for protein synthesis because of the ribosomes embedded in this membrane. This is situated very near the nuclear membrane for the translation to occur.

Answer 8

RER

Question 9

This double membrane folded in layers is called
in such a way because of the absence of the ribosome in its membrane. This is responsible for glucose and lipid synthesis

Answer 9

SER

Question 10

● Network of smooth membranes consisting of flattened, disc-like cisternae with dilated rims and associated vesicles and tubules
● Where newly synthesized proteins is processed and modified

Answer 10

Golgi body

Question 11

● Provides energy to the cell by producing ATPs in a process called cellular respiration
● Contains several enzymes and proteins embedded in its inner membrane called cristae

Answer 11

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Mitochondria contains several enzymes and proteins embedded in its inner membrane called

Answer 12

Cristae

Question 13

● A type of Plastid which is found in plant cell
● Contains Chlorophyll located at the Thylakoid membrane

Answer 13

Chloroplast

Question 14

__________ are stacked together to form Granum (plural Grana) suspended in stroma

Answer 14

Thylakoid

Question 15

Responsible for the process called photosynthesis

Answer 15

Chloroplast

Question 16

A complex structure that contains two barrel-shaped centrioles surrounded by amorphous, electron dense pericentriolar material (PCM)

Answer 16

Centromere

Question 17

● A single membrane-bound organelle
● In animal cells, ________ are generally small and help
sequester waste products
● In plant cell, this is a fluid filled structure that is made up
mostly of water

Answer 17

Vacuole

Question 18

An elaborate interactive network composed of three well defined filamentous structures – microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Answer 18

Cytoskeleton

Question 19

Provide structural support and internal framework responsible for positioning various organelles within the interior of the cell

Answer 19

Cytoskeleton

Question 20

Provides movement of materials and organelles in the cell

Answer 20

Cytoskeleton

Question 21

A type of cytoskeleton found in the interior of the cell where they maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces.

Answer 21

Microtubules

Question 22

A type of cytoskeleton that…
○ Thicken the cortex around the inner edge of a cell
○ They resist tension.

Answer 22

Microfilaments

Question 23

A type of cytoskeleton…
Found throughout the cell and hold organelles in place

Answer 23

Intermediate filaments

Question 24

● Also known as microbodies

Answer 24

Peroxisomes

Question 25

● Membrane bound, multi-functional organelles that carry
out a diverse metabolic reactions including substrate oxidation leading to formation of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 25

Peroxisomes

Question 26

The command center of the cell because it commands the cellular activity of the entire cell

Answer 26

Nucleus

Question 27

Nucleus is made up of

Answer 27

○ Nuclear membrane
○ Chromosomes
○ Nucleolus

Question 28

__________ is made up of two layers of membrane: an outer membrane and an inner membrane

Answer 28

Nuclear envelope or Nuclear membrane

Question 29

○ Each of these membranes contains two layers of phospholipids, arranged with their tails pointing inward (forming a phospholipid bilayer)
○ It contains nuclear pores for easy transport of materials such as mRNA to the cytoplasm

Answer 29

Nuclear membrane

Question 30

○ Are threadlike strands of nuclear DNA with proteins called histones
○ These are carrier of genetic materials that occur by pairs (with homologous chromosomes)
○ In mitosis, the chromosomes condensed from chromatin to meta-chromosome becoming more visible under the light microscope

Answer 30

Chromosome

Question 31

○ Found inside the nucleus suspended in nucleoplasm
○ It is an irregular-shaped nuclear structures that function as ribosome-producing organelle
○ It is more prominent during interphase stage

Answer 31

Nucleolus

Question 32

● A rigid structure found in plants
● This provides support and protection for the cell it
surrounds
● Contains pectin, glycan and cellulose microfibrils
● Expands from primary cell wall to middle lamella

Answer 32

Cell wall