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SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY > LESSON 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS > Flashcards

LESSON 4: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of potassium in RMP?

A

making the membrane polarized w/ negative & positive side

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2
Q

RMP of myocardial cells is controlled by?

A

intracellular & extracellular ions

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3
Q

what is the usual concentration of potassium ion?

A

[k+]i= 150mM & [K+]o= 4mM

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4
Q

what is the role of sodium ion in RMP?

A

making myocardial cell undergo partial depolarization, by decreasing outflow of K.

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5
Q

this level makes the membrane depolarized, that opens the sodium channels

A

threshold potential

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6
Q

inabiltity of an excitable tissue to respond or to elicit action potential

A

refractoriness

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7
Q

in this refractory period, at 0 to -60 mV, premature stimuli will not elicit action potential.

A

Absolute refractory period

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8
Q

in this refractory period, at -60 to -90 mV, progressive reaction of Na+ channel occurs.

A

Relative refractory period

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9
Q

in this refractory period, minimal interval between 2 propagating impulses.

A

Effective refractory periof

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10
Q

this _____ is known as cardiac glycosides, is a drug that is important for the tx of CHF.

A

digitalis glycosides

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11
Q

digitalis glycosides has the abuility to?

A
  1. increase the force of myocardial contraction
  2. increase cardiac output in failing heart
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12
Q

digitalis glycosides are derived from?

A

plants of similar species called “fox gloves”

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13
Q

what are the active glycosides of Digitalis purpuria?
: DGG

A
  1. Digitoxin
  2. Gitoxin
  3. Gitalin
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14
Q

what are the active glycoside of Digitalis lanata?
: DDG

A
  1. Digitoxin
  2. Digoxin
  3. Gitoxin
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15
Q

what is the active glycosides of Strophantus kombe?

A
  1. strophantin
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16
Q

what is the active glycosides of Syrophantus gratis?

A
  1. Ouabain
17
Q

the skin glands of this species contain cardioactive poison, that is similar to glycosides but are for toxicological importance.

A

toad

18
Q

what is the direct action of digitalis glycosides?

A
  1. It produces inotropic effect (increase forced heart contraction)
  2. increase force myocardial contractuon
  3. increase rate of development of myocardial tension
  4. decrease time of peak tension folowed by faster relaxation
19
Q

the postive effects of digitalis is thought to be the consequence of ?

A

inhibition of sodium pump

20
Q

digitalis glycosides is made through this location, that affects the electrical activity of the purkinje , atrial, ventricular fibers that turns excitability & automacity of cardiac tissues.

A

parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

21
Q

what is the toxic level of digitalis glycosides?

A
  1. RMP became less than usual
  2. if RMP decrease, the action potenial also decrease
  3. reduction leads to conduction of velocity
22
Q

defined as the magnitude of an electric impulse in producing action potential.

A

excitability

23
Q

this discribe the behavior by which cardiac tissue spontaneously generate action potential,

A

Automacity

24
Q

If the digitalis glycosides cause the appearance of after-depolarozation appearing immendiately ff. repolarization it may lead to?

A

Abnormal activity of the heart

25
Q

it appears as subthreshold depolarization during phase 4, it progressively increase in amplitude & reaches the threshold causing an additional action potential,

A

After depolarization

26
Q

after depolarozation may leads to an extra heartbeat called>

A

ectopic beat

27
Q

the activity of the ____ has a spontaneous depolarization of the SA node, & is slowed by parasympathetic stimulation ff, digitalis administration.

A

pacemaker activity

28
Q

effects on on other organs are considered side effects that’s not beneficial to the patient.

A

Systemic side effects of digitalis

29
Q

what is the effect on normal heart of d. glycosides?

A
  1. minimal increase or reduce in cardiac output
  2. increase total peripheral resistance
30
Q

what is the effect on failing heart of d. glycosides?

A
  1. increase contractile vigour
  2. increase level of end-diastolic pressure result in complete systemic emptying of cardiac output
  3. reduction of heart size
  4. decrease systemic blood pressure
31
Q

what is the effects in kidney of d. glycosides?

A
  1. causes diuresis when edema is present
  2. diuresis is due to improvement of the failing heart
32
Q

what is the effect of d. glycosides in G.I tract?

A
  1. Gut disturbance ( anorexia, salivation, diarrhea)
  2. vomitting is due to irritation of the heart & effects of chemoreceptor trigger zone
33
Q

what is the effect of d. glycosides in CNS effect?

A
  1. minor depression
34
Q
A

SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY (7 decks)

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