LESSON 3: DRUGS ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY

Question 1

Specifically refers to the complete failure of the tissues to get adequate supply of
oxygen

Answer 1

Anoxia

Question 2

Refers to the reduce supply of oxygen, and is the more appropriate term for the usual
condition accompanying respiratory disorder.

Answer 2

Hypoxia

Question 3

Refers to defective oxygenation of blood in the pulmonary circuit and is usually caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract

Answer 3

Anoxic hypoxia

Question 4

Due to deficiency of haemoglobin per unit volume of blood but the blood oxygen tension is normal

Answer 4

Anemic hypoxia

Question 5

Caused by a reduction of the rate of blood flow to and from the capillaries

Answer 5

Stagnant hypoxia

Question 6

Result from the failure of the tissue oxidation system in the presence of fully oxygenated blood.

Answer 6

Histotoxic hypoxia

Question 7

retention of excessive carbon dioxide in the body, a condition term _______, failure to rid the
body of this excessive carbon dioxide leads respiratory acidosis.

Answer 7

hyper apnea

Question 8

Initially the body tries to rid itself of excessive carbon dioxide by means of abnormally increasing the depth and in rate of respiration

Answer 8

hyperpnea

Question 9

________ occurred when breathing becomes difficult and labored. Later, when the condition is not corrected, cyanosis & epistaxis sets in.

Answer 9

Dyspnea

Question 10

is useful only in cases of anoxia and when the respiratory tract is not completely obstructed

Answer 10

Oxygen therapy

Question 11

This may be instituted by intermittent – positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) during open – thoracic surgery or paralysis with a muscle relaxant drugs or poisons

Answer 11

Artificial respiration

Question 12

are drugs that increase the volume and fluidity of secretions in the respiratory tract.

Answer 12

expectorants

Question 13

Directly – acting expectorants

Answer 13

● Eucalyptus
● Pine oil
● Camphor
● Lemon oil
● Potassium iodide

Question 14

Indirectly – acting expectorants

Answer 14

● Ammonium carbonate
● Ammonium chloride
● Potassium iodide
● Potassium citrate
● Guaifenesin

Question 15

ɑ - Adrenergic stimulants drugs that inhibit respiratory secretion

Answer 15

● Phenylephrine
● Phenylpropanolamine
● Oxymethazoline
● Propylhexedrine
● Tuaminoheptane

Question 16

blocks the effcts of histamine & provoked increase respiratory secretions. Not too effective in domestic animals

Answer 16

Antihistamine

Question 17

used in preventing excessive resp. secretions due to cholinergic stimulation ex: during organophosphate poisoning,

Answer 17

Anticholinergic

Question 18

example of drug in anticholinergic?

Answer 18

Atropine sulfate

Question 19

this stimulant constrict blood vessels in mucus & upper resp. tract, therefore decreasing their leakniss (decongestant action), Orally or by Installation of external nares

Answer 19

a-Adrenergic stimulants

Question 20

are almost always the best choice for inhibiting or reducing respiratory secretions:

Answer 20

a-Adrenergic stimulants

Question 21

this are use to degrade & liquefy inflammation debris & liquefying inflammation debris,

Answer 21

Mucolytics & proteolytic enzymes

Question 22

what are the 2 notable use of mucolytics ?

Answer 22

1. acetylcysteine
2. bromhexine

Question 23

this breaks the disulfide bond result in liquefaction, it has an antidote of acetaminophen (paracetmol) poisoning, but it also has glutathione that neutralize reactive metabolities of paracetamol.

Answer 23

acetylcysteine

Question 24

acetylcysteine is best administered in?

Answer 24

installation through resp. tract

Question 25

this increase the volume & fluidity of resp. secretions, also increase concentration of immunoglobulin & of administration of oxytetracycline

Answer 25

Bromhexine

Question 26

bromhexin is also use in the tx of _______ in conjunction w/ antibiotic theraphy

Answer 26

infectious tracheobronchitis

Question 27

4 example of useful proteolytic enzyme?

Answer 27

1. pancreatic dornase 2. trypsin 3. streptokinase 4. streptodornase

Question 28

are drugs used to suppress cough.

Answer 28

antitussives

Question 29

a protective reflex initiated by the prescence of foreign materials in or by irritation of the resp. tract

Answer 29

cough

Question 30

3 categories of antitussives;

Answer 30

1. Narcotic antitussives 2. Non-narcotic antitussives 3. local acting antitussives

Question 31

what are example of drugs in narcotic antitussives:

Answer 31

1. codeine 2. diheydrocodeine 3. dihydrocodenone 4. morphine

Question 32

this 2 narcotic antitussive has high degree of selectivity for the cough center

Answer 32

Codeine & hydrocodeine

Question 33

are highly efficacious for they are addicting & are subjected to dangerous drug control; toxic in cats

Answer 33

opiates

Question 34

what are the drugs in non-narcotic antitussives:

Answer 34

1. dextromethorphan 2. Noscapine 3. Butorphanol 4. Phenothiazine tranquilizers

Question 35

derivate of opiates but it's not addicting, has little amount of analgesic activity & produces some degree of sedation

Answer 35

Dextromethorphan

Question 36

potent as dextromethorphan

Answer 36

Noscapine

Question 37

100x more potent than codeine & doesn't have narcotic effect

Answer 37

butorphanol

Question 38

what are the example of local acting antitussives:

Answer 38

1. Menthol 2. Tincture of benzoin 3. Benzonatate

Question 39

it act as directly on resp. mucous membranes to produce soothing or local anesthetic effect, administer orally or by inhilation

Answer 39

local acting antitussives

Question 40

3 ways coughing can be surppress:

Answer 40

1. by REDUCING viscosity in the airways w/ mucolytics 2. by IRRITATED resp. mucous membrane w/ local antitussives 3. by DEPRESSION of the cough center in the brain w/ central antitussives

Question 41

causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth m. & increase the functional capacity of the respiratory tree. They also have dramatic ability to counter bronchoconstriction.

Answer 41

Bronchodilators

Question 42

5 endogenous substances that mediate bronchoconstrictions:

Answer 42

1. acetylcholine 2. histamine 3. serotonine 4. bradykinin 5. prostaglandin

Question 43

are not tpo effective, it counteract bronchoconstriction caused by histamine released during allergic period, doesn't have neutralizing effects

Answer 43

antihistamine

Question 44

can counteract acetylcholine & induce bronchoconstriction.

Answer 44

Anticholinergic

Question 46

by presenting the release of histamine from mast cells, it'e useful as a prophylactic agent to prevent attacks in chronic bronchoconstriction disorder; it's not a bronchodilator

Answer 46

cromolyn sodium

Question 47

_____ has dual action to cause bronchodilation & reduction of inflammation swelling of resp. tract; for acute attacks given IV, for chronic given ORALLY

Answer 47

corticosteroids

Question 48

a potent bronchodilators, can be used as refractories (tolerance); it's a drug of choice in case of bronchoconstrictions

Answer 48

methylxanthines

Question 49

_____ is highly potent & efficacious drugs for the management of acute & chronic bronchoconstrictions

Answer 49

sympathomimetics

Question 50

_____ is very potent, prompt but transient bronchodilator action, stimulate beta & alpha adrenergic receptor. Not ideal use for chronic because of fleeting effect.

Answer 50

Epinephrine

Question 51

_____ is pure b2-adrenergic stimulator, comparable to epinephrine most effective if given orally.

Answer 51

Isoproterenol

Question 52

_____ is slower onset but has prolonged effect of about 4-6 hours, better used for chronic, less potent but is effective when give orally

Answer 52

ephedrine

Question 53

what are the selective bronchodilators:

Answer 53

1. Albuterol 2. Metaproterenol 3. terbutaline 4. clenbuterol

Question 54

________ are sympathetic drugs but are specific b1 adrenergic stimulant without effecting b1 receptor in the heart

Answer 54

Selective bronchodilators