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HITT 1305 - MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Lesson 4 Assignment (L4.1) - THE SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Assignment (L4.1) - THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

allogenic

A

Pertaining to originating from a different origin, as in a transplant of tissue from a matching donor but not of the individual (recipient).

all/o = difference from genic = pertaining to formation, producing

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2
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

A type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine.

ankyl/o = stiff       
spondyl/o = spine, vertebra          -itis = inflammation
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3
Q

arthrodesis

A

The surgical fusion of a joint.

arthr/o = joint -desis = binding or surgical fusion

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4
Q

articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints.

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5
Q

bone depressions

A

Concave, indented areas or openings in bones.

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6
Q

bone markings

A

Specific features of individual bones.

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7
Q

bone processes

A

Projections or outgrowths of bones.

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8
Q

cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone.

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9
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

Vertebrae or bones of the neck, C1 through C7.

cervic/o = neck -al = pertaining to

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10
Q

compact bone

A

Hard outer shell of bone.

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11
Q

condyle

A

Knucklelike projection at the end of a bone.

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12
Q

costochondritis

A

Inflammation of the rib cartilage of the anterior chest wall; characterized by pain and tenderness in the area.

cost/o = ribs chondr/o = cartilage -itis = inflammation

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13
Q

crest

A

Distinct border or ridge, as in iliac crest.

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

Main shaftlike portion of a bone.

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15
Q

epiphyseal line

A

A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate.

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16
Q

epiphysis

A

The end of a bone.

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17
Q

false ribs

A

Rib pairs 8 through 10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front, because they join the seventh rib in the front.

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18
Q

fissure

A

A groove or depression in a bone; a sulcus.

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19
Q

flat bones

A

Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum.

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20
Q

floating ribs

A

Rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front.

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21
Q

fontanelle or fontanel

A

Space between the bones of an infant’s cranium; “soft spot”

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22
Q

foramen

A

Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass.

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23
Q

fossa

A

Hollow on concave depression in a bone.

24
Q

haversian canals

A

System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

25
Q

hematopoiesis

A

The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow.

hemat/o = blood -poiesis = formation of

26
Q

hemopoietic

(hee-moh-poy-ET-ick), hematopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

Hemopoietic/hematopoietic is the adjective from the word hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis, which means he production of the formed elements in the blood (this occurs in the red bone marrow throughout one’s life).

hem/o = blood -poietic = pertaining to formation of

27
Q

intercostal spaces

A

Spaces between the ribs.

inter = between                       cost/o = ribs                      
-al = pertaining to
28
Q

intervertebral disk

A

A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae.
inter = between vertebr/o = vertebra -al = pertaining to

29
Q

long bones

A

Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur.

30
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

The vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5.

lumb/o = loins, lower back -ar = pertaining to vertebr/o = vertebra

31
Q

medullary cavity

A

The center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow.

32
Q

ossification

A

The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone; the formation of bone.

33
Q

osteoblasts

A

Immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue.

oste/o = bone -blast = immature, embryonic

34
Q

osteoclasts

A

Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue.

oste/o = bone                                                
-clast = something that breaks
35
Q

osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells.

oste/o = bone -cyte = cell

36
Q

osteonecrosis

A

The death of bone tissue; possibly from trauma or some disease process.

oste/o = bone necr/o = death -osis = condition

37
Q

periosteum

A

The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone.

peri = around                       oste/o = bone                      
-um = noun ending
38
Q

red bone marrow

A

The soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production.

39
Q

resorption

A

The process of removing or digesting old bone tissue.

40
Q

sesamoid bones

A

Irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap.

41
Q

short bones

A

Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone.

42
Q

sinus

A

An opening or hollow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone.

43
Q

spine

A

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest.

44
Q

stenosis

A

An abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure.

sten/o = short, contracted, or narrow                                
-osis = condition
45
Q

subluxation

A

An incomplete dislocation (of a bone from the joint).

46
Q

sulcus

A

A groove or depression in a bone; a fissure.

47
Q

sutures

A

Immoveable joints, such as those of the cranium.

48
Q

synovectomy

A

Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint.

synov/o = synovial membrane, synovial fluid  
-ectomy = surgial removal
49
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

The 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12.

thorac/o = chest               
-ic = pertaining to               vertebr/o = vertebra
50
Q

trabeculae

A

Needlelike bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance. Their distribution along lines of stress adds to the strength of the bone.

51
Q

trochanter

A

Large bony process located below the neck of the femur.

52
Q

true ribs

A

The first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front.

53
Q

tubercle

A

A small rounded process of a bone.

54
Q

tuberosity

A

An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone.

55
Q

vertebral foramen

A

A large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord.

56
Q

yellow marrow

A

Located in the diaphysis of long bones, yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells.

HITT 1305 - MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (10 decks)

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