Lesson 4 Assignment (L4.1) - THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
allogenic
Pertaining to originating from a different origin, as in a transplant of tissue from a matching donor but not of the individual (recipient).
all/o = difference from genic = pertaining to formation, producing
ankylosing spondylitis
A type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine.
ankyl/o = stiff spondyl/o = spine, vertebra -itis = inflammation
arthrodesis
The surgical fusion of a joint.
arthr/o = joint -desis = binding or surgical fusion
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints.
bone depressions
Concave, indented areas or openings in bones.
bone markings
Specific features of individual bones.
bone processes
Projections or outgrowths of bones.
cancellous bone
Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone.
cervical vertebrae
Vertebrae or bones of the neck, C1 through C7.
cervic/o = neck -al = pertaining to
compact bone
Hard outer shell of bone.
condyle
Knucklelike projection at the end of a bone.
costochondritis
Inflammation of the rib cartilage of the anterior chest wall; characterized by pain and tenderness in the area.
cost/o = ribs chondr/o = cartilage -itis = inflammation
crest
Distinct border or ridge, as in iliac crest.
diaphysis
Main shaftlike portion of a bone.
epiphyseal line
A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate.
epiphysis
The end of a bone.
false ribs
Rib pairs 8 through 10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front, because they join the seventh rib in the front.
fissure
A groove or depression in a bone; a sulcus.
flat bones
Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum.
floating ribs
Rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front.
fontanelle or fontanel
Space between the bones of an infant’s cranium; “soft spot”
foramen
Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass.
fossa
Hollow on concave depression in a bone.
haversian canals
System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
hematopoiesis
The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow.
hemat/o = blood -poiesis = formation of
hemopoietic
(hee-moh-poy-ET-ick), hematopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Hemopoietic/hematopoietic is the adjective from the word hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis, which means he production of the formed elements in the blood (this occurs in the red bone marrow throughout one’s life).
hem/o = blood -poietic = pertaining to formation of
intercostal spaces
Spaces between the ribs.
inter = between cost/o = ribs -al = pertaining to
intervertebral disk
A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae.
inter = between vertebr/o = vertebra -al = pertaining to
long bones
Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur.
lumbar vertebrae
The vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5.
lumb/o = loins, lower back -ar = pertaining to vertebr/o = vertebra
medullary cavity
The center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow.
ossification
The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone; the formation of bone.
osteoblasts
Immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue.
oste/o = bone -blast = immature, embryonic
osteoclasts
Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue.
oste/o = bone -clast = something that breaks
osteocytes
Mature bone cells.
oste/o = bone -cyte = cell
osteonecrosis
The death of bone tissue; possibly from trauma or some disease process.
oste/o = bone necr/o = death -osis = condition
periosteum
The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone.
peri = around oste/o = bone -um = noun ending
red bone marrow
The soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production.
resorption
The process of removing or digesting old bone tissue.
sesamoid bones
Irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap.
short bones
Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone.
sinus
An opening or hollow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone.
spine
A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest.
stenosis
An abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure.
sten/o = short, contracted, or narrow -osis = condition
subluxation
An incomplete dislocation (of a bone from the joint).
sulcus
A groove or depression in a bone; a fissure.
sutures
Immoveable joints, such as those of the cranium.
synovectomy
Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint.
synov/o = synovial membrane, synovial fluid -ectomy = surgial removal
thoracic vertebrae
The 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12.
thorac/o = chest -ic = pertaining to vertebr/o = vertebra
trabeculae
Needlelike bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance. Their distribution along lines of stress adds to the strength of the bone.
trochanter
Large bony process located below the neck of the femur.
true ribs
The first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front.
tubercle
A small rounded process of a bone.
tuberosity
An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone.
vertebral foramen
A large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord.
yellow marrow
Located in the diaphysis of long bones, yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells.
