Lesson 4 Assignment (L4.1) - THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

allogenic

Answer 1

Pertaining to originating from a different origin, as in a transplant of tissue from a matching donor but not of the individual (recipient).

all/o = difference from genic = pertaining to formation, producing

Question 2

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 2

A type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine.

ankyl/o = stiff       
spondyl/o = spine, vertebra          -itis = inflammation

Question 3

arthrodesis

Answer 3

The surgical fusion of a joint.

arthr/o = joint -desis = binding or surgical fusion

Question 4

articular cartilage

Answer 4

Thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints.

Question 5

bone depressions

Answer 5

Concave, indented areas or openings in bones.

Question 6

bone markings

Answer 6

Specific features of individual bones.

Question 7

bone processes

Answer 7

Projections or outgrowths of bones.

Question 8

cancellous bone

Answer 8

Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone.

Question 9

cervical vertebrae

Answer 9

Vertebrae or bones of the neck, C1 through C7.

cervic/o = neck -al = pertaining to

Question 10

compact bone

Answer 10

Hard outer shell of bone.

Question 11

condyle

Answer 11

Knucklelike projection at the end of a bone.

Question 12

costochondritis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the rib cartilage of the anterior chest wall; characterized by pain and tenderness in the area.

cost/o = ribs chondr/o = cartilage -itis = inflammation

Question 13

crest

Answer 13

Distinct border or ridge, as in iliac crest.

Question 14

diaphysis

Answer 14

Main shaftlike portion of a bone.

Question 15

epiphyseal line

Answer 15

A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate.

Question 16

epiphysis

Answer 16

The end of a bone.

Question 17

false ribs

Answer 17

Rib pairs 8 through 10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front, because they join the seventh rib in the front.

Question 18

fissure

Answer 18

A groove or depression in a bone; a sulcus.

Question 19

flat bones

Answer 19

Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum.

Question 20

floating ribs

Answer 20

Rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front.

Question 21

fontanelle or fontanel

Answer 21

Space between the bones of an infant’s cranium; “soft spot”

Question 22

foramen

Answer 22

Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass.

Question 23

fossa

Answer 23

Hollow on concave depression in a bone.

Question 24

haversian canals

Answer 24

System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Question 25

hematopoiesis

Answer 25

The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow. hemat/o = blood -poiesis = formation of

Question 26

hemopoietic | (hee-moh-poy-ET-ick), hematopoietic

Answer 26

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells. Hemopoietic/hematopoietic is the adjective from the word hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis, which means he production of the formed elements in the blood (this occurs in the red bone marrow throughout one’s life). hem/o = blood -poietic = pertaining to formation of

Question 27

intercostal spaces

Answer 27

Spaces between the ribs. ``` inter = between cost/o = ribs -al = pertaining to ```

Question 28

intervertebral disk

Answer 28

A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae. inter = between vertebr/o = vertebra -al = pertaining to

Question 29

long bones

Answer 29

Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur.

Question 30

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 30

The vertebrae of the lower back, L1 through L5. lumb/o = loins, lower back -ar = pertaining to vertebr/o = vertebra

Question 31

medullary cavity

Answer 31

The center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow.

Question 32

ossification

Answer 32

The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone; the formation of bone.

Question 33

osteoblasts

Answer 33

Immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue. oste/o = bone -blast = immature, embryonic

Question 34

osteoclasts

Answer 34

Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue. ``` oste/o = bone -clast = something that breaks ```

Question 35

osteocytes

Answer 35

Mature bone cells. oste/o = bone -cyte = cell

Question 36

osteonecrosis

Answer 36

The death of bone tissue; possibly from trauma or some disease process. oste/o = bone necr/o = death -osis = condition

Question 37

periosteum

Answer 37

The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone. ``` peri = around oste/o = bone -um = noun ending ```

Question 38

red bone marrow

Answer 38

The soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production.

Question 39

resorption

Answer 39

The process of removing or digesting old bone tissue.

Question 40

sesamoid bones

Answer 40

Irregular bones imbedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap.

Question 41

short bones

Answer 41

Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone.

Question 42

sinus

Answer 42

An opening or hollow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone.

Question 43

spine

Answer 43

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest.

Question 44

stenosis

Answer 44

An abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure. ``` sten/o = short, contracted, or narrow -osis = condition ```

Question 45

subluxation

Answer 45

An incomplete dislocation (of a bone from the joint).

Question 46

sulcus

Answer 46

A groove or depression in a bone; a fissure.

Question 47

sutures

Answer 47

Immoveable joints, such as those of the cranium.

Question 48

synovectomy

Answer 48

Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint. ``` synov/o = synovial membrane, synovial fluid -ectomy = surgial removal ```

Question 49

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 49

The 12 vertebrae of the chest, T1 through T12. ``` thorac/o = chest -ic = pertaining to vertebr/o = vertebra ```

Question 50

trabeculae

Answer 50

Needlelike bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance. Their distribution along lines of stress adds to the strength of the bone.

Question 51

trochanter

Answer 51

Large bony process located below the neck of the femur.

Question 52

true ribs

Answer 52

The first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front.

Question 53

tubercle

Answer 53

A small rounded process of a bone.

Question 54

tuberosity

Answer 54

An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone.

Question 55

vertebral foramen

Answer 55

A large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord.

Question 56

yellow marrow

Answer 56

Located in the diaphysis of long bones, yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells.