Lesson 4 & 5 Flashcards
A common communication method used in embedded systems to transmit
and receive data between a microcontroller or microprocessor and external devices. involves sending data one bit at a time over a single data line, which makes it simpler and more power-efficient
Serial input/output (I/O)
electronic systems communicates with other systems by transmitting data via a ___________.
transmitter (Tx)
allows for seamless integration with older equipment without the
need for complex signal conversion.
Parallel I/O
It is often used for connecting
multiple devices on the same bus, making it suitable for sensor
networks and peripherals.
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
a widely used serial communication protocol that uses two pins for communication – one for transmitting data (TX) and one for receiving data (RX). It converts the bytes received from computer along parallel circuits into a single serial bit stream for outgoing transmissions.
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)
which only the data are transmitted. An internal clock within the receiver is used
to synchronize the receiver with the data in order to capture and store the data for use.
Asynchronous Serial Communication
an electrical signal is modulated and applied to an antenna. The more popular
modulation methods are AM (amplitude modulation), FM (frequency modulation), and PM (phase modulation).
Wireless
a continuously running clock is carried along with the data, and the data
are synchronized with the clock.
Synchronous Serial Communication
data transmission is two-way on two channels. This means that an electronic system
would be able to receive or transmit at the same time.
Full-Duplex
typically used for point-to-point communication. Connector type uses twisted
pair cables and can be terminated with screw terminals or connectors.
Common applications are for long-distance data transmission, such as
in telecommunications and industrial control systems.
RS-422
a standard bus architecture used for connecting expansion cards and peripherals to desktop computers and servers.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interface)
a standard interface for connecting test and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, multimeters, and signal generators.
IEEE 488-1975
a synchronous serial communication protocol that typically involves four lines: MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and SS/CS.
is commonly used for communication with peripherals like sensors, displays, and memory devices.
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
is caused by electromagnetic signals affecting
another electronic signal.
Cross-talk
allows for reliable and robust
communication between nodes in a network.
CAN (Controller Area Network)
an older parallel interface primarily used for connecting hard disk drives and CD/DVD drives to computers.
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
data transmission is two-way on a single channel. This means that the direction of
data transmission alternates, so that the system would be able to receive or transmit, but not both at the same time.
Half-Duplex
the information is transferred one bit at a time (a serial bitstream). Only a
single interconnection is used to carry the data itself, although other lines are usually included for synchronization and control.
Serial data transfer
A simple method for error checking. In which a bit is added and transmitted with the data.
parity checking
metal wires, typically copper, are used to transmit the electrical signal.
Wired
Its common applications is the legacy computer serial ports, console
connections, modems, and some industrial equipment.
RS-232
Electrical signaling is differential signaling (two wires: A and B) for
noise immunity and long-distance communication. The connector type
can use various connectors, including twisted pair or screw terminals.
Common applications is in Industrial automation, HVAC systems,
long-distance communication, and multi-node networks.
RS-485
the port used primarily to connect the PC [20, 21]
to a printer device. Here, each device is fitted with a 36-pin connector, and byte-wide
data are sent from the PC to the printer (the peripheral) with handshaking—i.e., both the PC and the peripheral communicate with each other to control data transmission to be at a time suitable for both.
PC parallel Port (Centronics)
A group of parallel I/O interconnections, appearing on the pins of the microcontroller, is called a ___________________
Parallel port
a rudimentary method, and most communications systems include more sophisticated capabilities.
Parity checking
Well-suited
for DMA operations, enabling efficient data transfers without CPU intervention.
Parallel I/O Interfaces
a set (for example, eight) of interconnections is used. Each of these can
carry 1 bit, and each works in parallel with the others.
Parallel data transfer
data transmission is one-way on a single channel.
Simplex
The medium between the two systems, transmitter and receiver, is the _______________________.
communications channel
electronic systems receives data via a _________________.
receiver (Rx)
a parallel interface standard used for connecting various peripheral devices to computers, including hard drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, and printers. offers high-speed data transfer and the ability to daisy-chain multiple devices, making it suitable for applications that require fast and reliable data access.
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
is known for its reliability and robustness in laboratory and industrial settings, providing bidirectional communication and control of instruments.
GPIB (General Purpose Instrument Bus)
allows high transmission rates and low loss, so that signals can be transmitted
over long distances, and a low bit error rate.
Optical Fiber
predefined data rate, also called _________
Baud rate
fundamental method for devices to exchange data by transmitting information
one bit at a time, sequentially, over a single communication channel.
a ubiquitous technology that underpins the connectivity of modern devices,
enabling them to interact and share information efficiently.
Serial Communication
Common applications are universal connection standard for
computer peripherals, smartphones, and other consumer
electronics.
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
will set the parity bit to a logic 1 if the number of logic 1s in the byte is odd
Even parity coding
will set the parity bit to a logic 1 if the number of logic 1s in the byte is even
Odd parity coding
