Lesson 2 Flashcards
another important factor that needs to be considered in designing embedded systems. Embedded systems should be designed in such a way as to minimize the heat dissipation by the system.
Power concerns
an informal kind of rapid product development in which important feature of the
under consider are develop.
Prototyping
A machine language is created from written code by the ___________. It source code first into object code and then into the language that
the machine can understand.
Assembler
Peripheral connections are made via a _______. The term alludes to the method of data transmission, where __________ send several bits of data simultaneously.
Parallel ports
Dedicated to performing a single function.
Single-functioned
refers to ease with which the embedded product can be modified to take advantage
of new firmware or hardware technology.
Evolvability
a program that merges one or more object files into a single executable code.
Linker/link editor
widely used method of connecting external
equipment to computers. It was developed by the EIA and TIA and defines the signals that are exchanged between DTEs and DCEs.
RS232
These are attributes related to operation or functioning of an embedded system when it is in the operational mode or online mode. The way an embedded system operates affects its overall quality.
Operational Quality Attributes
It is half-duplex and is used for serial communication with short distances. Operates based on the baud rate.
UART
can communicate with other embedded systems via this interface. This includes UART, USB, Ethernet, RS-485, and many more.
Communication Port
Proper market study and cost benefit analysis should be carried out
before taking decision on the per unit cost of the embedded product.
Per unit and total cost
deals with how easily one can test his/her design, application
and by which mean he/she can test it.
Testability and Debug-ability
measure of quickness of the system. It gives you an idea about how fast your system
is tracking the input variables. Most of the embedded system demand fast response which should be real-time.
Response
The design of embedded systems should take care of the operating conditions of the area where the system is going to implement.
Operates in harsh environments
a measure of “system independence”. An embedded system has this attribute if it is capable of performing its operation as it is intended to do in various environments irrespective of different processor and or controller and embedded operating systems.
Portability
Name at least 3 advantages of Embedded System
- Less likely to encore errors
- Offers an enhanced performance
- It has very few interconnections.
- The embedded system is small in size.
- It has a fast operation.
defined as the average time
the system has spent in repairs.
Mean Time To Repair
means that embedded systems may be a part of a larger system. Many numbers of such ___________ embedded systems form a single large, embedded control unit.
Distributed
uses little power and accepts ATM cards. As soon as we put the ATM card in, the machine will start to receive electricity, which is why we termed the ________
Charge pump principle
These are attributes NOT related to operation or functioning of an embedded system. These are the attributes that are associated with the embedded system before it can be put in operation or the quality attributes that needs to be addressed for the product not on the basis of operational aspects.
Non-Operational Quality Attributes
a single-chip VLSI unit which is widely used in embedded systems. It contains all the
memory and I/O interfaces needed,
Microcontroller
We have to run sophisticated algorithms or multiple algorithms in some applications.
Complex functionality
Must not endanger human life and the environment.
Safety-critical
Each embedded system has certain functions to perform, and they are developed in such a manner to do the intended functions only. They cannot be used for any other purpose.
Application and domain specific
gives protection from unauthorized modification.
Integrity
Product aesthetics (size, weight, shape, style, etc) is an important factor in choosing a product. It is convenient to handle a compact device than a bulky product.
Small Size and weight
a means of debugging the product as such for figuring out the probable sources
that create unexpected behavior in the total system.
Debug-ability
gives protection from unauthorized user.
Availability
Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.
Tightly-constrained
an interface for serial communication in which data is transferred one bit at a time.
The serial protocols UART, SPI, SCI, and I2C are often used.
Serial port
Embedded systems are in constant interaction with the real world through sensors and user- defined input devices which are connected to the input port of the system. Any changes in the real world are captured by the sensors or input devices in real time and the control algorithm running inside the unit reacts in a designed manner to bring the controlled output variables to the desired level.
Reactive and Real Time
defines the technical components of the infrastructure including client server
platforms, the operating systems, and interfaces.
Platform architecture
a tool that is used for testing and debugging. It examines the code, finds where errors
and problems are present, removes them, and notes their locations.
Debugger
measure of how much percentage you rely upon the proper functioning of the
system.
Reliability
deals with protection data from unauthorized disclosure.
Confidentiality
a single chip semiconductor device. Its CPU contains a program counter, an
ALU a stack pointer, working register, a clock timing circuit. It also includes ROM and RAM, memory decoder, and many serial and parallel ports.
Microprocessor
an important factor which needs to be carefully monitored. Proper market study and _______ benefit analysis should be carried out before taking decision on the per unit cost of the embedded product.
Cost
a piece of software that enables you to use the features of the host system. The __________ is also used to debug applications and find
bugs.
Emulator
deals with the efficiency of system. It can be defined as rate of production or
process of a defined process over a stated period of time. generally measured in terms of benchmarks
Throughput
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability are three corner stones of the information __________
Security
Some applications need a delay, such as LED display apps, which need one so that the LED can keep blinking. In embedded systems, ________ are employed for this reason.
Timers/Counters
The microcontroller itself contains two different types of __________. RAM and ROM are these. ROM is a code memory, whereas RAM is a volatile memory.
Memory
deals with support and maintenance to the end user or a client in case of
technical issues and product failures or on the basis of a routine system checkup.
Maintainability
The first tool you need for embedded system software. The text file you create
will contain the code you write in the C and C++ programming languages.
Editor
deals with the possible damage that can happen to the operating person and environment due to the breakdown of an embedded system or due to the emission of hazardous materials from the embedded products or hardware failure or a firmware failure.
Safety
embedded system’s core component
Processor
a must in product engineering to evaluate the anticipated damage and
determine the best course of action to bring down the consequence of damages to an acceptable level.
Safety analysis
This written code is converted into machine language by a __________ so that the machine can understand it.
Compiler
defined as the average time the system
is functioning before a failure occurs.
Mean Time Between Failures
it is the time elapsed between the conceptualization of a
product and time at which the product is ready for selling or use.
Time to prototype and market
Name at least 3 disadvantages of Embedded System
- It needs a long time to market.
- Can’t be programmed to do different things.
- Embedded systems offer very limited resources for memory.
- It doesn’t offer any technological improvement.
- It is difficult to backup of embedded files.
