Lesson 1

Question 1

Embedded Systems built around high performance 32
or 64 bit RISC processors/controllers, RSoC or multi-core processors and PLD. It requires complex hardware and software.

Answer 1

Large Scale

Question 2

Missing a program/task execution time deadline can have catastrophic
consequences (financial, human loss of life, etc.)

Answer 2

Hard Real time systems

Question 3

__________ system if for each possible state, and each set of inputs, a unique set of outputs, response times and next state of the system can be determined.

Answer 3

Deterministic System

Question 4

first commercially available processor and what year?

Answer 4

Intel 4004 - 1971

Question 5

deployed in applications from complex satellite
communication to simple home networking systems.

Answer 5

Data Communication

Question 6

supervises the application software and provide mechanism to let the processor run a process as per scheduling by following a plan to control the latencies.

Answer 6

Real Time Operating system (RTOS)

Question 7

The embedded systems built around low performance and low cost 8 or 16 bit
microprocessors/ microcontrollers. It is suitable for simple applications and where performance is not time critical. It may or may not contain OS.

Answer 7

Small Scale

Question 8

a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, usually with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device
including hardware and mechanical parts.

Answer 8

Embedded system

Question 9

first embedded operating system and what year

Answer 9

VxWorks - 1987

Question 10

These are embedded systems that are small-sized systems that are designed to be portable. Digital cameras are an example of this.

Answer 10

Mobile

Question 11

Embedded Systems built around System on Chips (SoC’s), Reconfigurable
processors and multicore processors.

Answer 11

Fourth Generation

Question 12

usually done for storage, analysis, manipulation,
and transmission.

Answer 12

Data collection

Question 13

First microcontroller developed and what year?

Answer 13

TMS1000 - 1971

Question 14

a typical example of an embedded system employing data processing.

Answer 14

digital hearing aid

Question 15

means something that is attached to another thing.

Answer 15

Embedded

Question 16

imposing control over some
variables according to the changes in input variables.

Answer 16

control

Question 17

employed in applications demanding signal processing like speech coding, audio video codec, transmission applications etc.

Answer 17

Data Signal Processing

Question 18

These are embedded systems that are connected to a network to provide output to
other systems. Examples include home security systems and point of sale (POS) systems.

Answer 18

Networked

Question 19

determining the state of some variables using input sensors. They cannot
impose control over variables.

Answer 19

Monitoring

Question 20

Activities within the system (e.g., task run-times) are dynamic and depend upon
occurrence of different events .

Answer 20

Event Triggered

Question 21

These are embedded systems that gives the required output in a defined time interval. They are often used in medical, industrial and military sectors because they are responsible for time-critical tasks. A traffic control system is an example of this.

Answer 21

Real-time

Question 22

Missing a deadline may not be critical and can be tolerated to a certain
degree

Answer 22

Soft Real time Systems

Question 23

These are embedded systems that are not reliant on a host system. Like any
embedded system, they perform a specialized task. However, they do not necessarily belong to a host system, unlike other embedded systems. A calculator or MP3 player is an example of this.

Answer 23

Standalone

Question 24

Activities within the system follow a statically computed schedule (i.e., they are
allocated time slots during which they can take place) and thus by nature are predictable.

Answer 24

Time Triggered

Question 25

The response time of each set of outputs is known.

Answer 25

Temporal determinism

Question 26

what is widely recognized as the first mass-produced embedded system? what year?

Answer 26

D-17B - 1965

Question 27

Next states and outputs of the system are known for each set of inputs which trigger events.

Answer 27

Event determinism

Question 28

Embedded Systems built around 16-bit microprocessors and 8 or 16-bit
microcontrollers, following the first generation embedded systems.

Answer 28

Second Generation

Question 29

Embedded Systems built around medium performance, low cost 16 or 32 bit
microprocessors/microcontrollers or DSPs. These are slightly complex in hardware and firmware. It may contain GPOS/RTOS.

Answer 29

Medium Scale

Question 30

first recognized embedded system and what year?

Answer 30

Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) - 1960s

Question 31

Embedded Systems built around high performance 16/32 bit Microprocessors/controllers, Application Specific Instruction set processors like Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)

Answer 31

Third Generation

Question 32

early embedded systems built around 8-bit microprocessors like 8085 and
Z80 and 4-bit microcontrollers.

Answer 32

First Generation

Question 33

An embedded system has three components −

Answer 33

• It has hardware.
• It has application software.
• It has mechanical components.

Question 34

an arrangement in which all its unit assemble work together according to a set of rules. It can also be defined as a way of working, organizing or doing one or many tasks according to a fixed plan.

Answer 34

System