Lesson 1 Flashcards
Embedded Systems built around high performance 32
or 64 bit RISC processors/controllers, RSoC or multi-core processors and PLD. It requires complex hardware and software.
Large Scale
Missing a program/task execution time deadline can have catastrophic
consequences (financial, human loss of life, etc.)
Hard Real time systems
__________ system if for each possible state, and each set of inputs, a unique set of outputs, response times and next state of the system can be determined.
Deterministic System
first commercially available processor and what year?
Intel 4004 - 1971
deployed in applications from complex satellite
communication to simple home networking systems.
Data Communication
supervises the application software and provide mechanism to let the processor run a process as per scheduling by following a plan to control the latencies.
Real Time Operating system (RTOS)
The embedded systems built around low performance and low cost 8 or 16 bit
microprocessors/ microcontrollers. It is suitable for simple applications and where performance is not time critical. It may or may not contain OS.
Small Scale
a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, usually with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device
including hardware and mechanical parts.
Embedded system
first embedded operating system and what year
VxWorks - 1987
These are embedded systems that are small-sized systems that are designed to be portable. Digital cameras are an example of this.
Mobile
Embedded Systems built around System on Chips (SoC’s), Reconfigurable
processors and multicore processors.
Fourth Generation
usually done for storage, analysis, manipulation,
and transmission.
Data collection
First microcontroller developed and what year?
TMS1000 - 1971
a typical example of an embedded system employing data processing.
digital hearing aid
means something that is attached to another thing.
Embedded
imposing control over some
variables according to the changes in input variables.
control
employed in applications demanding signal processing like speech coding, audio video codec, transmission applications etc.
Data Signal Processing
These are embedded systems that are connected to a network to provide output to
other systems. Examples include home security systems and point of sale (POS) systems.
Networked
determining the state of some variables using input sensors. They cannot
impose control over variables.
Monitoring
Activities within the system (e.g., task run-times) are dynamic and depend upon
occurrence of different events .
Event Triggered
These are embedded systems that gives the required output in a defined time interval. They are often used in medical, industrial and military sectors because they are responsible for time-critical tasks. A traffic control system is an example of this.
Real-time
Missing a deadline may not be critical and can be tolerated to a certain
degree
Soft Real time Systems
These are embedded systems that are not reliant on a host system. Like any
embedded system, they perform a specialized task. However, they do not necessarily belong to a host system, unlike other embedded systems. A calculator or MP3 player is an example of this.
Standalone
Activities within the system follow a statically computed schedule (i.e., they are
allocated time slots during which they can take place) and thus by nature are predictable.
Time Triggered
The response time of each set of outputs is known.
Temporal determinism
what is widely recognized as the first mass-produced embedded system? what year?
D-17B - 1965
Next states and outputs of the system are known for each set of inputs which trigger events.
Event determinism
Embedded Systems built around 16-bit microprocessors and 8 or 16-bit
microcontrollers, following the first generation embedded systems.
Second Generation
Embedded Systems built around medium performance, low cost 16 or 32 bit
microprocessors/microcontrollers or DSPs. These are slightly complex in hardware and firmware. It may contain GPOS/RTOS.
Medium Scale
first recognized embedded system and what year?
Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) - 1960s
Embedded Systems built around high performance 16/32 bit Microprocessors/controllers, Application Specific Instruction set processors like Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
Third Generation
early embedded systems built around 8-bit microprocessors like 8085 and
Z80 and 4-bit microcontrollers.
First Generation
An embedded system has three components −
- It has hardware.
- It has application software.
- It has mechanical components.
an arrangement in which all its unit assemble work together according to a set of rules. It can also be defined as a way of working, organizing or doing one or many tasks according to a fixed plan.
System
