Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Psychology > LESSON 4 > Flashcards

LESSON 4 Flashcards

Sensation and Perception

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

detecting physical energy from the environment and encode
it as neural signals.

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the process by which sensations are organized into an inner representation of the world

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the sense of organs?

A
  • Eyes
  • Ears
  • Tongue
  • Nose
  • Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the various senses?

A
  • Sight
  • Hearing
  • Gustatory
  • Olfactory
  • Pressure, pain, warmth, and cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What sense of organs and its corresponding senses?

Rods and cones in the retina

A

Eyes, Sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sense of organs and its corresponding senses?

Hair cells in the Organ of Corti

A

Ears, Hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sense of organs and its corresponding senses?

Taste cells in the taste buds

A

Tongue, Gustatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sense of organs and its corresponding senses?

Olfactory epithelium cells

A

Nose, Olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What sense of organs and its corresponding senses?

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

A

Skin, Pressure, pain, warmth, and cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of Threshold?

A
  • Absolute Threshold
  • Difference Threshold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

minimal amount of energy that
can produce a sensation

A

Absolute Threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tells about the minimum
difference in the magnitude of
two stimuli present

A

Difference Threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Candle thirty miles away on a clear, dark night

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tick of a watch twenty feet away in a quiet room

A

Hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Teaspoons of sugar dissolved in two gallons of water

A

Taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

One drop of perfume in a three-room apartment

A

Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A bee’s wing falling on the cheek from a height of
one centimeter

A

Touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A one to two degree celcius change in skin temperature

A

Warmth or Cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Framework to explain how people pick out the important stimuli embedded in a wealth of irrelevant, distracting stimuli.

A

Signal-Detection Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the four possible outcomes of Signal-Detection Theory?

A
  • Hits
  • False Alarm
  • Miss
  • Correct Rejection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True positive

A

Hits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

False positive

A

False Alarm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

False negative

A

Miss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True negative

A

Correct Rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The screener recognizes
a box cutter in the luggage.

A

Hits (Signal Present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The screener thinks there is a box cutter in the luggage when there is none.

A

False Alarm (Signal Absent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The screener fails to see
the box cutter in the luggage.

A

Miss (Signal Present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The screener recognizes that
there is no box cutter in the
luggage, and indeed, there is
none.

A

Correct Rejection (Signal Absent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Receptor cells adapt to constant
stimulation by casing to fire until there is a change in stimulation. Through this, we may stop detecting the presence of stimulus

A

Sensory Adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the two Sensory Adaptation?

A
  • Sensitization
  • Desensitization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

process of becoming more
sensitive to stimulation

A

Sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

becoming less sensitive to stimulation

A

Desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

a muscular membrane whose
dilation regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

A

Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the black-looking opening in the
center of the iris, through which
light enters the eye

A

Pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

a transparent body behind the
iris that focuses an image on the retina

A

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the area of the inner surface of
the eye that contains rods and
cones

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a rigid transparent structure on
the outer surface of the eyeball,
always focuses light in the same
way

A

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the central area of the human
retina, is adapted for highly
detailed vision

A

Fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

the area of the retina where
axons from ganglion cells meet
to form the optic nerve

A

Blind Spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the nerve that transmits sensory information from the eye to the brain

A

Optic Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

cells that respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the two photoreceptors?

A

Rods, Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

adapted for vision in
dim light

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

are adapted for color
vision, daytime vision, and
detailed vision

A

Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the distance from one wave
push to the next that determines its hue

A

Wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

amount of energy in light waves
which influences brightness

A

Intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

refers to the purity or richness or color

A

Saturation

48
Q

impaired ability to focus on nearby objects because of decreased flexibility of the lens

A

Presbyopia

49
Q

impaired ability to focus on distant objects

A

Myopia

50
Q

impaired ability to focus on close objects

A

Hyperopia

51
Q

condition characterized by increased pressure within the eyeball, which can sometimes impair vision

A

Glaucoma

52
Q

a disorder in which the lens becomes cloudy

A

Cataract

53
Q

visual disorder in which both eyes cannot focus on the same point at the same time.

A

Strabismus/Cross-eyed

54
Q

condition in which persons suffering from this are monochromats and
sensitive to light

A

Color Blindness

55
Q

Two types of Colorblindness

A
  • Monochromat
  • Dichromat/Partial color blindness
56
Q

shaped to funnel sound waves to the eardrum, a thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves and thereby, transmits them to the middle and inner ears

A

Outer ear

57
Q

contains the eardrum and three
small bones (hammer, anvil and
stirrup), which also transmit
sound by vibrating

A

Middle ear

58
Q

the inner ear; the bony tube that contains the basilar membrane and the organ of Corti

A

Cochlea

59
Q

a membrane that lies coiled
within the cochlea

A

Basilar Membrane

60
Q

the receptor for hearing that lies on the basilar membrane in the cochlea

A

Organ of Corti

61
Q

the axon bundle that transmits
neural impulses from the organ
of Corti to the brain

A

Auditory Nerve

62
Q

determined by its frequency, or
the number of cycles per second as expressed in the unit hertz

A

Pitch

63
Q

is determined by the height, or
amplitude of sound waves

A

Loudness

64
Q

results from the difference in
their frequencies

A

Tones

65
Q

A combination of pitches that are pleasant to the ear

A

Consonant

66
Q

A combination of pitches that are harsh and unpleasant

A

Dissonant

67
Q

occurs because of damage to the structures of the middle ear – either to the eardrum or to the three bones that conduct and amplify sound waves from the outer to the inner ear.

A

Conduction Deafness

68
Q

usually stems from damage to the structures of the inner, most often the loss of hair cells, which will not regenerate

A

Sensory-Neural Deafness

69
Q

stems from exposure to very loud sounds

A

Stimulation Deafness

70
Q

The sense of smell is known as ____________

A

Olfaction

71
Q

The olfactory receptors,
located on the mucous membrane in the rear air passages of the nose

A

Smell

72
Q

smell blindness for a particular
odor which may suggest that
one kind of receptor has been
damaged

A

Anosmia

73
Q

detects chemicals on the tongue

A

Taste

74
Q

The taste receptors are in the ________ _______ located in the folds on the surface of the tongue, almost exclusively along the outside edge of the tongue in adults

A

Taste buds

75
Q

temporary loss of taste

A

Ageusia

76
Q

sensory receptors embedded in
the skin fire when the surface of the skin is touched

A

Touch and Pressure

77
Q

the receptors for temperature
are neurons located just beneath the skin

A

Temperature

78
Q

pain results when neurons called ____________ in the skin are stimulated

A

nociceptors

79
Q

is adaptive, if unpleasant,
because it motivates us to do
something about it

A

Pain

80
Q

sense that gives us information
about the location of our body
parts tightness and hardness

A

Kinesthesia

81
Q

sense that gives us information
about body position, movement, and acceleration

A

Vestibular Sense

82
Q

found in the visceral organs such as stomach, intestines, internal sex organs, lungs, throat, and heart

A

Organic Sensation

83
Q

What are the 6 Gestalt Laws?

A
  • Figure-Ground
  • Proximity
  • Similarity
  • Continuity
  • Closure
  • Symmetry
84
Q

when perceiving a visual field,
some objects (figures) seem
prominent, and other aspects of the field recede into the
background (ground)

A

Figure-Ground

85
Q

when we perceive an assortment of objects, we tend to see objects that are close to each other as forming a group

A

Proximity

86
Q

we tend to group objects on the
basis of their similarity

A

Similarity

87
Q

we tend to perceive smoothly
flowing or continuous forms
rather than disrupted or
continuous ones

A

Continuity

88
Q

we tend to perceptually close up, or complete, objects that are not, in fact, complete

A

Closure

89
Q

we tend to perceive objects as
forming mirror images about
their center

A

Symmetry

90
Q

What are the Perceptual Constancies?

A
  • Size Constancy
  • Shape Constancy
  • Color Constancy
  • Lightness Constancy
91
Q

It is the perception that an object’s size remains constant, even when the distance between the object and the observer changes, causing the image of the object to appear larger or smaller on the retina.

A

Size Constancy

92
Q

perceive familiar object as
having a constant form even
when our retinal images of them change

A

Shape Constancy

93
Q

perceive objects as retaining
their color even though lighting
conditions may alter
their appearance

A

Color Constancy

94
Q

perceive objects as having
constant lightness when while its illumination varies

A

Lightness Constancy

95
Q

What are the 3 Movement Perception?

A
  • Auto Kinetic Effect
  • Stroboscopic Motion
  • Phi Phenomenon
96
Q

on-off process of switching the
row of light as seen an electronic scoreboard in a baseball or basketball stadium

A

Phi Phenomenon

97
Q

makes motion picture possible
through the presentation of a
rapid progression of images of
stationary objects

A

Stroboscopic Motion

98
Q

we tend to perceive objects as
forming mirror images about
their center (movement perception)

A

Auto Kinetic Effect

99
Q

What are the 7 Depth Perception?

A
  • Size
  • Linear Perspective
  • Texture Gradient
  • Atmospheric Perspective
  • Overlap
  • Height Cues
  • Motion Parallax
100
Q

objects far away appear to move in the same direction as the observer, whereas close objects move in the opposite direction

A

Motion Parallax

101
Q

objects lower down in our field
of vision are perceived as closer; above higher up are seen as closer

A

Height Cues

102
Q

if one object overlaps another, it is seen as being closer than the one it covers

A

Overlap

103
Q

the farther away objects are, the less distinctly they are seen

A

Atmospheric Perspective

104
Q

the texture of a surface appears
smoother as distance increases

A

Texture Gradient

105
Q

parallel lines appear to converge in the distance

A

Linear Perspective

106
Q

the larger the image of an object on the retina, the larger it perceived to be.

A

Size

107
Q

if an object is larger than other
objects, it is often perceived as
____________

A

closer

108
Q

What are the 4 Perceptual Illusion?

A
  • Muller-Lyer Illusion
  • Ponzo Illusion
  • Horizontal-Vertical Illusion
  • Poggendorf Illusion
109
Q

in this illusion, a line disappears
at an angle behind a solid figure, reappearing at the other side - at what seems to be the incorrect position

A

Poggendorf Illusion

110
Q

the vertical line looks longer, but they are just the same size

A

Horizontal-Vertical Illusion

111
Q

the top horizontal
line looks longer; again both lines are equal

A

Ponzo Illusion

112
Q

bottom line looks longer than
the top line

A

Muller-Lyer Illusion

113
Q

What are the 4 Extra-Sensory Perception?

A
  • Precognition
  • Clairvoyance
  • Telepathy
  • Psychokinesis/Telekinesis
114
Q

ability to affect the physical world purely through thought such as bending of spoons

A

Psychokinesis/Telekinesis

115
Q

ability to send message to another person through mind

A

Telepathy

116
Q

ability to perceive objects or events that do not directly stimulate your sense organs such as sensing that a
friend’s house in on fire

A

Clairvoyance

117
Q

foretelling of future events

A

Precognition

Intro to Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions