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LESSON 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Psychology

1
Q

Meaning of “psyche” and “logos”

A

mind and knowledge/study of

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2
Q

The scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and mental processes of organisms.

A

Psychology

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3
Q

Is empirical and dependent upon measurement

A

Psychology

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4
Q

Refers to the actions and reactions of the individual when exposed on a certain situation

A

Behavior

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5
Q

What are the types of behavior?

A

Overt & Covert; Simple & Complex; Rational & Irrational; Voluntary & Involuntary; Conscious, Unconscious & Non-Conscious

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6
Q

Observable and can be manifested outwardly

A

Overt

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7
Q

Actions that are not directly visible

A

Covert

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8
Q

Utilizes fewer neurons involved in behavior

A

Simple

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9
Q

Utilizes many neurons involved in behavior

A

Complex

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10
Q

Manifested through an action which is in the realm of sanity and adequate reason

A

Rational

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11
Q

Actions which are done without any apparent reason

A

Irrational

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12
Q

Done with man’s full will

A

Voluntary

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13
Q

Actions done automatically

A

Involuntary

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14
Q

Actions that are within one’s awareness

A

Conscious

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15
Q

Actions we are not aware of doing so

A

Unconscious

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16
Q

Bodily activities that can be measured by apparatus

A

Non-Conscious

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17
Q

What are the 4 goals of Psychology?

A

Describe, Understand/Explain, Predict, and Control

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18
Q

Detailed characterization of a certain phenomenon

A

Describe

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19
Q

Development of reasons pertaining with the different relationships among observed behaviors to be able to arrive at a reasonable explanation

A

Understand/Explain

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20
Q

To anticipate any future actions based on their past performance

A

Predict

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21
Q

Change a certain trait, idea, and beliefs of the individual

A

Control

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22
Q

Principles of biology to study mental processes and behavior

A

Biopsychology

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23
Q

Study of neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brain

A

Physiological Psychology

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24
Q

To study, prevent, and treat mental disorders

A

Psychiatry

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25
Q

Application of specialized psychological methods to treatments (consultation)

A

Psychotherapy

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26
Q

Deals with pharmacological agents such as anti-depressants and anti-anxiety

A

Psychotropics

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27
Q

Involves surgery and chemical alterations with the purpose of modifying psychological disturbances

A

Psychosurgery

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28
Q

Merged the discipline of sociology and anthropology with the premise about common concern of psychology

A

Social Psychology

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29
Q

Psychological and neurobiological that enable humans to use language

A

Psycholinguistics

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30
Q

Belief in Gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man

A

Animism

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31
Q

He said, “human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our brain”

A

Democritus

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32
Q

“Soul is distinct to man and it is God-given”

A

Plato

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33
Q

What are the Human Psyche?

A
  1. Reason (head)
  2. Spirited (heart)
  3. Appetites (diaphragm)
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34
Q

Regarded as the father of psychology

A

Aristotle

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35
Q

What are the functions of soul?

A

Vegetative, Appetitive, Rational

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36
Q

Nutritional Growth

A

Vegetative

37
Q

Emotions/Bodily Desires

A

Appetitive

38
Q

Logic, Wisdom, Virtues

39
Q

Father of medicine, first who theorized that mental disorders comes from natural causes

A

Hippocrates

40
Q

Theorized the relation of temperament

41
Q

What are the humors of temperament?

A
  • Sanguine (Yellow)
  • Phlegmatic (Green)
  • Melancholic (Black)
  • Choleric (Red)
42
Q

Christian thinking and introduces the method of introspection

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

43
Q

He merged the idea of Aristotle that the mind is a living matter to his idea of immortality

A

St. Thomas of Aquinas

44
Q

Initial use of the term “psychology”

A

Rudolf Gockel

45
Q

He proposed that psychology should separate from philosophy and psychology should be treated as natural science

A

Francis Bacon

46
Q

Idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact

A

Rene Descartes

47
Q

Tabula rasa. The mind is like a blank tablet

A

John Locke

48
Q

Theory of knowledge

A

George Berkeley

49
Q

Gave the difference between impressions and ideas

A

David Hume

50
Q

Utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria

A

Franz Anton Mesmer

51
Q

Mind is not blank, but rather, mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences

A

Immanuel Kant

52
Q

Making psychology as science

A

Johann Friedrich Herbart

53
Q

Ideas need to be stimulated

A

Ernst Weber

54
Q

Theory of color vision

A

Hermann Volt Hemholtz

55
Q

Theory of evolution and natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

56
Q

Law of connection between the mind and the body

A

Gustav Fechner

57
Q

Broca’s area

A

Paul Broca

58
Q

Father of behavioral genetics and introduced the idea of individual differences

A

Francis Galton

59
Q

Established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He is the father of modern/scientific psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

60
Q

American psychology

A

William James

61
Q

Father of psychoanalysis. Developed psychoanalytic process of free association

A

Sigmund Freud

62
Q

Analytic psychology. Collective unconscious rather than the personal unconscious

63
Q

Importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence

A

Alfred Adler

64
Q

Theory that human beings have the “basic need for love and security”

A

Karen Horney

65
Q

Statistical evaluation of human behavior.

A

Karl Pearson

66
Q

Factor analysis. Classical test theory

A

Charles Spearman

67
Q

Intelligence quotient test

A

Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon

68
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

69
Q

Law of effect, exercise, readiness

A

Edward Thorndike

70
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

B.F. Skinner

71
Q

Studies psychopathology and abnormal behavior

A

Abnormal Psychology

72
Q

Theory of learning based on idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning

A

Behavioral Psychology

73
Q

How brain influences behavior

A

Biopsychology

74
Q

Focuses on internal states

A

Cognitive Psychology

75
Q

Study of animal behavior

A

Comparative Psychology

76
Q

Looks at the development throughout the lifespan

A

Developmental Psychology

77
Q

Schools, Teaching, Educational Issues

A

Educational Psychology

78
Q

Utilizes scientific method to research the brain and behavior

A

Experimental Psychology

79
Q

Patterns of thoughts, feels, and behavior that make a person unique

A

Personality Psychology

80
Q

Understand social behavior

A

Social Psychology

81
Q

Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Tichener. Seeks to understand the structure of the mind and its perceptions by analyzing those perceptions into their constituent components

A

Structuralism

82
Q

John Dewey, William James, James Rowland, Angell, & Harvey Carr. Seeks to understand what people do and why they do it. Focuses on the process of thoughts rather than its contents.

A

Functionalism

83
Q

John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, & B.F. Skinner. Focuses solely on observable behvaiors, disregarding internal mental states.

A

Behvaiorism

84
Q

Max Wertheimer. States that we best understand psychological phenomena when we view them as organized, structure wholes.

85
Q

Sigmund Freud. Emphasizes the influences of the unconscious mind on behavior. Explores unconscious drives, especially sexuals and aggressive ones, shape behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychoanalysis

86
Q

Jean Piaget. Examines internal mental processes. It emphasizes how people perceive, process, and store information

A

Cognitive Psychology

87
Q

Brenato and Husserl. It dealt with the large, subjective issues that previously only metapsychology dared to tackle. Basic questions of existence

A

Existentialist Psychology

88
Q

Abraham Maslow. Individual’s behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world around him

A

Humanistic

Intro to Psychology (3 decks)

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