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LESSON 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Psychology

1
Q

Meaning of “psyche” and “logos”

A

mind and knowledge/study of

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2
Q

The scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and mental processes of organisms.

A

Psychology

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3
Q

Is empirical and dependent upon measurement

A

Psychology

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4
Q

Refers to the actions and reactions of the individual when exposed on a certain situation

A

Behavior

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5
Q

What are the types of behavior?

A

Overt & Covert; Simple & Complex; Rational & Irrational; Voluntary & Involuntary; Conscious, Unconscious & Non-Conscious

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6
Q

Observable and can be manifested outwardly

A

Overt

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7
Q

Actions that are not directly visible

A

Covert

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8
Q

Utilizes fewer neurons involved in behavior

A

Simple

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9
Q

Utilizes many neurons involved in behavior

A

Complex

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10
Q

Manifested through an action which is in the realm of sanity and adequate reason

A

Rational

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11
Q

Actions which are done without any apparent reason

A

Irrational

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12
Q

Done with man’s full will

A

Voluntary

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13
Q

Actions done automatically

A

Involuntary

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14
Q

Actions that are within one’s awareness

A

Conscious

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15
Q

Actions we are not aware of doing so

A

Unconscious

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16
Q

Bodily activities that can be measured by apparatus

A

Non-Conscious

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17
Q

What are the 4 goals of Psychology?

A

Describe, Understand/Explain, Predict, and Control

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18
Q

Detailed characterization of a certain phenomenon

A

Describe

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19
Q

Development of reasons pertaining with the different relationships among observed behaviors to be able to arrive at a reasonable explanation

A

Understand/Explain

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20
Q

To anticipate any future actions based on their past performance

A

Predict

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21
Q

Change a certain trait, idea, and beliefs of the individual

A

Control

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22
Q

Principles of biology to study mental processes and behavior

A

Biopsychology

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23
Q

Study of neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brain

A

Physiological Psychology

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24
Q

To study, prevent, and treat mental disorders

A

Psychiatry

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25
Application of specialized psychological methods to treatments (consultation)
Psychotherapy
26
Deals with pharmacological agents such as anti-depressants and anti-anxiety
Psychotropics
27
Involves surgery and chemical alterations with the purpose of modifying psychological disturbances
Psychosurgery
28
Merged the discipline of sociology and anthropology with the premise about common concern of psychology
Social Psychology
29
Psychological and neurobiological that enable humans to use language
Psycholinguistics
30
Belief in Gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man
Animism
31
He said, "human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our brain"
Democritus
32
"Soul is distinct to man and it is God-given"
Plato
33
What are the Human Psyche?
1. Reason (head) 2. Spirited (heart) 3. Appetites (diaphragm)
34
Regarded as the father of psychology
Aristotle
35
What are the functions of soul?
Vegetative, Appetitive, Rational
36
Nutritional Growth
Vegetative
37
Emotions/Bodily Desires
Appetitive
38
Logic, Wisdom, Virtues
Rational
39
Father of medicine, first who theorized that mental disorders comes from natural causes
Hippocrates
40
Theorized the relation of temperament
Galen
41
What are the humors of temperament?
- Sanguine (Yellow) - Phlegmatic (Green) - Melancholic (Black) - Choleric (Red)
42
Christian thinking and introduces the method of introspection
St. Augustine of Hippo
43
He merged the idea of Aristotle that the mind is a living matter to his idea of immortality
St. Thomas of Aquinas
44
Initial use of the term "psychology"
Rudolf Gockel
45
He proposed that psychology should separate from philosophy and psychology should be treated as natural science
Francis Bacon
46
Idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact
Rene Descartes
47
Tabula rasa. The mind is like a blank tablet
John Locke
48
Theory of knowledge
George Berkeley
49
Gave the difference between impressions and ideas
David Hume
50
Utilized the method of "animal magnetism" in curing hysteria
Franz Anton Mesmer
51
Mind is not blank, but rather, mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences
Immanuel Kant
52
Making psychology as science
Johann Friedrich Herbart
53
Ideas need to be stimulated
Ernst Weber
54
Theory of color vision
Hermann Volt Hemholtz
55
Theory of evolution and natural selection
Charles Darwin
56
Law of connection between the mind and the body
Gustav Fechner
57
Broca's area
Paul Broca
58
Father of behavioral genetics and introduced the idea of individual differences
Francis Galton
59
Established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. He is the father of modern/scientific psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
60
American psychology
William James
61
Father of psychoanalysis. Developed psychoanalytic process of free association
Sigmund Freud
62
Analytic psychology. Collective unconscious rather than the personal unconscious
Carl Jung
63
Importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man's existence
Alfred Adler
64
Theory that human beings have the "basic need for love and security"
Karen Horney
65
Statistical evaluation of human behavior.
Karl Pearson
66
Factor analysis. Classical test theory
Charles Spearman
67
Intelligence quotient test
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
68
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
69
Law of effect, exercise, readiness
Edward Thorndike
70
Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
71
Studies psychopathology and abnormal behavior
Abnormal Psychology
72
Theory of learning based on idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning
Behavioral Psychology
73
How brain influences behavior
Biopsychology
74
Focuses on internal states
Cognitive Psychology
75
Study of animal behavior
Comparative Psychology
76
Looks at the development throughout the lifespan
Developmental Psychology
77
Schools, Teaching, Educational Issues
Educational Psychology
78
Utilizes scientific method to research the brain and behavior
Experimental Psychology
79
Patterns of thoughts, feels, and behavior that make a person unique
Personality Psychology
80
Understand social behavior
Social Psychology
81
Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Tichener. Seeks to understand the structure of the mind and its perceptions by analyzing those perceptions into their constituent components
Structuralism
82
John Dewey, William James, James Rowland, Angell, & Harvey Carr. Seeks to understand what people do and why they do it. Focuses on the process of thoughts rather than its contents.
Functionalism
83
John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, & B.F. Skinner. Focuses solely on observable behvaiors, disregarding internal mental states.
Behvaiorism
84
Max Wertheimer. States that we best understand psychological phenomena when we view them as organized, structure wholes.
Gestalt
85
Sigmund Freud. Emphasizes the influences of the unconscious mind on behavior. Explores unconscious drives, especially sexuals and aggressive ones, shape behavior and mental processes.
Psychoanalysis
86
Jean Piaget. Examines internal mental processes. It emphasizes how people perceive, process, and store information
Cognitive Psychology
87
Brenato and Husserl. It dealt with the large, subjective issues that previously only metapsychology dared to tackle. Basic questions of existence
Existentialist Psychology
88
Abraham Maslow. Individual's behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world around him
Humanistic

Intro to Psychology (3 decks)

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