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Intro to Psychology > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

Physiological Bases of Behavior

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1
Q

Complex network of cells and
tissues responsible for coordinating and controlling bodily functions

A

The Nervous System

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2
Q

consists of the brain and the
spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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3
Q

composes all the nerve fibers
that connect the receptors to
the central nervous system

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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4
Q

also known as nerve cell, the basic structural and functioning unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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5
Q

organizes and keeps the cell
functional

A

Cell body

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6
Q

receives messages from other
neurons and carry them towards the cell body

A

Dendrite

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7
Q

carries messages away from the cell body

A

Axon

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8
Q

produces myelin sheath

A

Schwann Cell

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9
Q

increases the speed of nerve
impulses

A

Myelin Sheath

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10
Q

sends messages to other neuron

A

Axon Terminal

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11
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A
  1. Sensory or Afferent Neurons
  2. Motor or Efferent Neurons
  3. Inter or Connector Neurons
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12
Q

most abundant in the brain and
plays a key role in thinking,
learning, and memory

A

Glutamate

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13
Q

most common inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain and regulates mood, sleep, seizures

A

GABA

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14
Q

regulates mood, sleep patterns,
sexuality, appetite, and pain

A

Serotonin

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15
Q

body reward system, pleasures,
achieving heightened arousal

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

responsible for fight-or-flight
response

A

Epinephrine

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17
Q

alertness, arousal, decision
making, attention, and focus

A

Norepinephrine

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18
Q

natural pain reliever, reduces pain

A

Endorphines

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19
Q

regulates heart rate, blood pressure and gut motility, role in muscle contraction, memory,
motivation, sexual desire, sleep,
and learning

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

High: Psychosis, Neuron Death
Low: Huntington’s Disease

A

Glutamate

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21
Q

High: Relaxation
Low: Anxiety/OCD

A

GABA

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22
Q

High: Mania
Low: Depression, Anxiety, Eating Disorders

A

Serotonin

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23
Q

High: Schizophrenia
Low: Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine

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24
Q

High: Stress, Sleep Disorders
Low: Fatigue

A

Epinephrine

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25
Q

High: Mania
Low: Depression

A

Norepinephrine

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26
Q

Low: Eating Disorders

A

Endorphines

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27
Q

Low: Alzheimer’s (Dementia)

A

Acetylcholine

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28
Q

The brain floats on a bath of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and it is
protected by the skull. Also called the master organ

A

Brain

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29
Q

What are the divisions of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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30
Q

What are the parts included in the forebrain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Limbic System
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31
Q
  • Telencephalon
  • Seat of Consciousness
A

Cerebrum

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32
Q
  • It consists of right cerebral
    hemisphere and left cerebral
    hemisphere
A

Cerebrum

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33
Q
  • Each hemisphere consists of 4 lobes
A

Cerebrum

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34
Q

the outer layer of the cerebrum, is involved in complex brain functions

A

Cerebral cortex

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35
Q

Analytic thought

A

Left Hemisphere

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36
Q

Art Awareness

A

Right Hemisphere

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37
Q

Logic

A

Left Hemisphere

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38
Q

Creativity

A

Right Hemisphere

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39
Q

Reasoning

A

Left Hemisphere

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40
Q

Imagination, Intuition, Insights

A

Right Hemisphere

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41
Q

Science and math

A

Left Hemisphere

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42
Q

Music Awareness, 3-D Forms

A

Right Hemisphere

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43
Q

Written, Number Skills

A

Left Hemisphere

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44
Q

Left-hand control

A

Right Hemisphere

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45
Q

Right-hand control

A

Left Hemisphere

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46
Q

What are the 4 lobes in cerebrum?

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Temporal Lobe
  4. Occipital Lobe
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47
Q

reasoning, planning,
movement, and problem-
solving

A

Frontal Lobe

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48
Q

somatosensory processing

A

Parietal Lobe

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49
Q

auditory processing

A

Temporal Lobe

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50
Q

visual processing

A

Occipital Lobe

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51
Q

collections of neurons crucial to
motor function

A

Basal Ganglia

52
Q

relays incoming sensory
information through groups of
neurons that project to the
appropriate region in the cortex

A

Thalamus

53
Q
  • endocrine system
  • autonomic nervous system
    survival behavior (e.g., fighting,
    feeding, fleeing, and mating);
A

Hypothalamus

54
Q
  • it is involved in controlling the
    pituitary gland which governs
    hormone production and release
A

Hypothalamus

55
Q

involved in learning, emotion
and motivation

A

Limbic System

56
Q

role in anger and aggression

A

Amygdala

57
Q
  • seahorse
  • responsible for memory
    formation
A

Hippocampus

58
Q

Mesencephalon

A

The Midbrain

59
Q

What are the parts included in the midbrain?

A
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
  • Reticular Activating System (RAS)
60
Q

back part of the midbrain

A

Tectum

61
Q

Two parts of Tectum

A
  • Superior Colliculi
  • Inferior Colliculi
62
Q

visual information

A

Superior Colliculi

63
Q

auditory information

A

Inferior Colliculi

64
Q

front part of the midbrain

A

Tegmentum

65
Q

Three parts of Tegmentum

A
  • Red Nucleus
  • Periaqueductal Gray
  • Substansia Nigra
66
Q

motor coordination

A

Red Nucleus

67
Q

pain modulation

A

Periaqueductal Gray

68
Q

voluntary movement

A

Substansia Nigra

69
Q

regulating wakefulness, alertness and sleep-wake cycle

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

70
Q

What are the parts included in the hindbrain?

A
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla Oblongata
71
Q

it serves as a communication
bridge between different parts of the brain

A

Pons

72
Q
  • little brain
  • involved in the coordination of
    voluntary motor activities
A

Cerebellum

73
Q

it controls vital involuntary or
autonomic functions

A

Medulla Oblongata

74
Q

Two kinds of reflexes

A
  • Monosynaptic Reflex
  • Polysynaptic Reflex
75
Q
  • it involves one or more
    interneurons in addition to
    the sensory and motor
    neurons, leading to multiple
    synapses
A

Polysynaptic Reflex

76
Q

withdrawal reflex

A

Polysynaptic Reflex

77
Q
  • involve a single synapse
    between a sensory neuron
    and a motor neuron, without
    interneuron involved
A

Monosynaptic Reflex

78
Q

knee-jerk or patellar reflex

A

Monosynaptic Reflex

79
Q

Responsible for the voluntary
skeletal movements

A

The Somatic System

80
Q

12 pairs of cranial nerves

A

head region

81
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves

A

body region

82
Q

Responsible for the sense of smell (Nose)

A

Olfactory (sensory)

83
Q

Carries visual information from the retina to the brain (Eyes)

A

Optic (sensory)

84
Q

Controls most eye movements (Eyes)

A

Oculomotor (motor)

85
Q

Controls superior oblique muscles (Eyes)

A

Trochlear (motor)

86
Q

Sensory for the face and motor for mastication (Eyes, jaw, cheek, tongue)

A

Trigeminal (mixed)

87
Q

Innervates the lateral rectus muscle (Eyes)

A

Abducens (motor)

88
Q

Controls muscles of facial expression and taste sensation (Face and tongue)

A

Facial (mixed)

89
Q

Provide taste sensation and swallowing and salivation (Tongue and pharynx)

A

Glossopharyngeal (mixed)

90
Q

Controls autonomic functions and provides sensation from the thoracic and abdominal organs (Neck, thorax and abdomen)

A

Vagus (mixed)

91
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, facilitating head and shoulder movement (Pharynx and larynx)

A

Accessory (motor)

92
Q

Controls tongue movements for speech and swallowing

A

Hypoglossal (motor)

93
Q

Responsible for heading and balance

A

Vestibulocochlear or Auditory (sensory)

94
Q

Supplies muscles of the neck

A

C1 (CERVICAL NERVES)

95
Q

Sensory for the back of the head

A

C2 (CERVICAL)

96
Q

Supplies neck muscles and skin

A

C3 (CERVICAL)

97
Q

Innervates the diaphragm (with C3 and C5)

A

C4 (CERVICAL)

98
Q

Innervates the shoulder and arm muscles

A

C5 (CERVICAL)

99
Q

Sensory input from the thumb and motor to forearm muscles

A

C6 (CERVICAL)

100
Q

Sensory from the index and middle fingers and motor to arm muscles

A

C7 (CERVICAL)

101
Q

Sensory from the ring and little fingers and motor to hand muscles

A

C8 (CERVICAL)

102
Q

Sensory for the upper chest and motor to arm muscles

A

T1 (THORACIC NERVES)

103
Q

Sensory and motor innervation for the trunk and abdominal wall, as well as intercostal muscles (involved in breathing)

A

T2 - T12 (THORACIC)

104
Q

Sensory for the posterior leg and foot and motor to gluteal muscles

A

S1 (SACRAL NERVES)

105
Q

Sensory from the back of the legs and motor to the pelvic floor muscles

A

S2 (SACRAL)

106
Q

Sensory and motor functions for the pelvic organs, including bladder control and sexual functions

A

S3 - S5 (SACRAL)

107
Q

Sensory for the lower back and motor to hip flexor muscles

A

L1 (LUMBAR NERVES)

108
Q

Sensory from the thigh and motor to leg muscles

A

L2 (LUMBAR)

109
Q

Sensory from the knee area and motor to the thigh

A

L3 (LUMBAR)

110
Q

Sensory for the medial leg and foot and motor to leg muscles

A

L4 (LUMBAR)

111
Q

Sensory from the foot and motor to muscles that extend the toes

A

L5 (LUMBAR)

112
Q

Supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the coccyx

A

Co1 (COCCYGEAL NERVE)

113
Q

Responsible for all involuntary
movements within the body that keeps us alive

A

The Autonomic System

114
Q

Also called as Visceral System

A

The Autonomic System

115
Q

Two systems of Autonomic System

A
  • Sympathetic System
  • Parasympathetic System
116
Q

fight or flight reactions to stress
or emergency situations

A

Sympathetic System

117
Q

promotes rest and digest
activities. helping the body calm
down

A

Parasympathetic System

118
Q

Network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete
hormones into the bloodstream, which are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions

A

The Endocrine System

119
Q

Melatonin controls sleepiness and onset of puberty

A

Pineal gland

120
Q

Oxytocin controls milk release, etc. Vasopressin controls blood pressure and urine volume

A

Posterior pituitary

121
Q

hormone that controls metabolic rate

A

Thyroid

122
Q

hormone that control other glands

A

Anterior Pituitary

123
Q

control calcium and potassium

A

Parathyroids (behind thyroid)

124
Q

hormones that control metabolism and salt retention

A

Adrenal gland

125
Q

Insulin and glucagon control glucose storage and use

A

Pancreas

126
Q

hormones that control sexual behaviors

A

ovary (female) and testis (male)

127
Q

This is where the brain floats and is protected by the skull

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Intro to Psychology (3 decks)

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