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THEOLOGY SECOND QUARTER > LESSON 4 > Flashcards

LESSON 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Three periods in Church history

A
  1. Early Middle Ages
  2. High Middle Ages
  3. Late Middle Ages
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2
Q

A synonym for the early medieval era

A

“Dark Ages”

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3
Q

When does the early medieval era begin?

A

It begins with the fall of Rome

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4
Q

Some important events of the 14th century

A
  • Hundred Years War
  • Black Death / Bubonic Plague
  • Italian Renaissance
  • Peasants’ Revolt
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5
Q

What are the factors that led to the fall of the Roman Empire?

A
  1. Invasions and migration of the Barbarian tribes
  2. Economic instability
  3. Rise of the Eastern Empire (Byzantine Empire)
  4. Over-expansion of the Roman territory
  5. Government and political instability
  6. Christianity and the loss of traditional roman culture and values
  7. Weakening of the Roman legions
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6
Q

He was the first to assert the primacy of the Papal Office

A

Pope St. Gregory the Great

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7
Q

He took charge of the civil and military administration, saving the city of Rome from becoming completely destroyed.

A

Pope St. Gregory the Great

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8
Q

A barbarian that conquered Gaul and established a family dynasty lasting for 2 centuries

A

Chlodovech (also known as Clovis I)

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9
Q

What was the purpose of the Holy Roman Empire?

A

It was an attempt to revive the Western Roman Empire

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10
Q

True or False: The legal and political structures of the Western Roman Empire deteriorated and would be replaced by independent kingdoms ruled by GREEK nobles.

A

False, Germanic nobles

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11
Q

Why did the Roman imperial office become vacant?

A

Because of the deposition of Romulus Augustulus in 476

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12
Q

He crowned Charlemagne as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

A

Pope Leo III

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13
Q

He laid the foundation for the Holy Roman Empire

A

Pope Leo III

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14
Q

When did the Holy Roman Empire officially begin?

A

When Pope John XII crowned King Otto I of Germany and gave him the title of emperor.

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15
Q

True or False: BISHOPS claim the right to select and install the most powerful rulers of the continent.

A

False, Popes

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16
Q

The act of dwelling alone

A

Monasticism

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17
Q

The word monasticism is derived from what language?

A

Greek language

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18
Q

Greek word derivations of monasticism

A

monos, monazein, monachos

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19
Q

What do you call the three professed vows of monastic followers?

A

Religious vows

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20
Q

The basic idea of monasticism in all its varieties

A

Seclusion or withdrawal from the world or society

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21
Q

What are the three professed vows by monastic followers?

A
  1. Poverty
  2. Celibacy
  3. Obedience
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22
Q

True or False: The first Christian celibates were MEN.

A

False, women

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23
Q

This is an act carried out at high feasts of the Church by women going through a rite, dating back to the 4th century

A

“taking the veil”

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24
Q

This refers to the buying and selling of religious offices

A

Simony

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25
Q

This is when a king or lord gives his religious office to one of his relatives

A

Nepotism

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26
Q

This is when a king or lord would make someone a bishop without the approval of Rome.

A

Lay Investiture

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27
Q

What was the primary goal of the Crusades?

A

To reclaim Jerusalem from the hands of Muslim Turks

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28
Q

These people conquered Jerusalem and restricted the movements of Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land

A

Turks (Moslems)

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29
Q

Who sent an urgent call to the pope because of Muslim Turks’ conquer pursuits?

A

Emperor Alexius

30
Q

Who directed an appeal to the Latin Christendom at the Synods of Piacenza and Clermont?

A

Pope Urban II

31
Q

What event led to the birth of the Crusades?

A

The directed appeal of Pope Urban II to the Latin Christendom

32
Q

What event started the Great East-West Schism?

A

The crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III

33
Q

He is also known as King of the Franks

A

Charlemagne

34
Q

He is the founder of the Carolingian empire

A

Charlemagne

35
Q

Why was the crowning of Charlemagne the cause of the Great East-West Schism?

A

The Eastern Emperor and Empire had withstood barbarian invasions for centuries and were against their kind, but Charlemagne was chief of the Franks, a barbarian tribe, and was granted power by Pope Leo III to rule.

36
Q

True or False: After the Roman Empire fell, the Byzantium was the only vestige of the Holy Roman Empire.

A

True

37
Q

Who is the pope of the Church of Rome that claimed jurisdiction over all Christendom?

A

Pope Leo the Great

38
Q

What are the two major factors of the East-West Schism?

A
  1. Denial of papal supremacy by the Eastern Church.
  2. The inclusion of the Filioque clause in the Nicene creed.
39
Q

What is the added Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed?

A

“and from the son”

40
Q

What areas did the West encompass of?

A

Western Europe, and northern and western areasa

41
Q

What areas did the East encompass of?

A

Asia Minor, the Middle East of the Mediterranean, and Northern Africa

42
Q

True or False: Most patriarchs in Constantinople couldn’t read any Latin, and most popes in Rome couldn’t read Greek.

A

True

43
Q

What language did the Byzantine church know less and less of?

A

Latin

44
Q

The type of bread Byzantines in the East used

A

Leavened bread

45
Q

The type of bread Latins in the West used

A

Unleavened bread

46
Q

The theology of Latins in the West

A
  • More practical
  • Places more emphasis on Jesus’ humanity
47
Q

How did Latins in the West give more emphasis towards Jesus’ humanity?

A

By making realistic crucifixes

48
Q

The theology of Byzantines in the East

A
  • More theoretical
  • More focused on the mysteriousness of Jesus’ divinity
49
Q

True or False: Although the East and West had different theologies, they still believed in the existence of both the full humanity and divinity of Christ.

A

True

50
Q

Who is the patriarch of the Byzantine Church?

A

Patriarch Michael

51
Q

These two figures excommunicated each other and their respective churches.

A

Pope Leo and Patriarch Michael

52
Q

Who are the two figures that would remove the mutual excommunications from the Eastern and Western Church 900 years ago?

A

Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras

53
Q

How long would the Great Western Schism last?

A

40 years

54
Q

What started the Great Western Schism?

A

The death of Gregory IX

55
Q

The papal conclave in Rome had not been held for how many years?

A

70 years

56
Q

Who was elected for the papal conclave after 70 years?

A

An Italian archbishop of Bari named Urban VI

57
Q

Who left Urban’s court three months after his election?

A

Eleven French cardinals and one Spaniard named Peter of Luna

58
Q

Why did people leave Urban VI’s court?

A

They declared the use of the force of election as null.

59
Q

Who was the newly elected pope after people left Urban VI’s court?

A

A Frenchman named Clement VII

60
Q

Where did Clement VII take residence?

A

In Avignon

61
Q

Where did Clement VII take residence?

A

In Avignon

62
Q

Where did Clement VII take residence?

A

In Avignon

63
Q

The Roman Line in the Great Western Schism

A
  • Urban VI
  • Boniface IX
  • Innocent VII
  • Gregory XII
64
Q

The Avignon Line in the Great Western Schism

A
  • Clement VII
  • Benedict XIII
65
Q

Who suggested solutions for overcoming the schism?

A

The University of Paris

66
Q

What are the three alternatives the University of Paris proposed in overcoming the Great Western Schism?

A
  1. The via cessionis (voluntary resignation)
  2. The via compromissi (submission of the popes to arbitrary selection)
  3. The via conciili (decision by a general council)
67
Q

What council was created to solve the schism of the West?

A

Council of Pisa

68
Q

Why did the Council of Pisa fail at resolving the Western Schism?

A

Because they elected a third pope named Alexander V who was succeeded by John XXIII

69
Q

What council finally resolved the Western Schism?

A

The Council of Constance

70
Q

What events transpired during the Council of Constance’s intervention in the many number of ruling popes?

A
  • They deposed John XXIII and the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII
  • They secured the voluntary resignation of Roman Pope Gregory XII
71
Q

Who was the final elected pope after the end of the Western Schism?

A

Cardinal Odo Colonna, also known as Martin V

THEOLOGY SECOND QUARTER (4 decks)

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