- Jesus Christ does not exist from eternity past. - Jesus Christ is a supernatural being. - Jesus Christ has a like substance with the Father. (not the same substance) - Jesus Christ is the first and highest of all creatures and worthy of honor and veneration.

LESSON 3 Flashcards by Celine Ysabelle

The council that created and approved the Nicean Creed

Council of Nicaea

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How many bishops were present in the Council of Nicaea?

318 bishops

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The council that condemned Arianism

The Council of Nicaea

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Pope of Council of Nicaea

St. Sylvester I

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Site of the Council of Nicaea

Nicaea, Northwest Asia Minor

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Emperor of the Council of Nicaea

Constantine I, Western Roman Emperor; Sole Emperor

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How long did the Council of Nicaea last?

2 months and 12 days

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The council that decided that Easter must be celebrated by everyone worldwide

Council of Nicaea

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According to the Council of Nicaea, when would Easter be?

The first Sunday after the spring equinox coinciding with the 14th day of the paschal moon

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The date of Easter was fixed against?

Quartodecimans

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Who was responsible for the computation, confirmation, and relaying the date of Easter?

The Church of Alexandria

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He was present as deacon and peritus of the Council of Nicaea

St. Athanasius

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He was present as peritus at the Council of Nicaea

St. Ephrem

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These are called advisors of the council.

Peritus

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True or False: The value of the saving work of Christ depends on what kind of person He is.

True

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Beliefs of Arianism

Jesus Christ does not exist from eternity past.
Jesus Christ is a supernatural being.
Jesus Christ has a like substance with the Father. (not the same substance)
Jesus Christ is the first and highest of all creatures and worthy of honor and veneration.

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Counterarguments on Arianism by the Council of Nicaea

Jesus Christ is of the same substance as the Father.
Jesus Christ is not a supernatural being.
If Christ is not God, he cannot be the savior of mankind for only God can save man from the desperate state of sin into which he has fallen.

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Who said this statement: “Jesus, whom I know as my redeemer, cannot be less than God.”

St. Athanasius

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How many bishops were present in the Council of Constantinople?

168

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This council was not attended by the pope, his legates, or any bishops from the West

Council of Constantinople

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Recognized as a General Council of the 4th century by papal decrees written in the 6th century

Council of Constantinople

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The council that condemned Macedonianism, Sabellianism, and Apollinarianism

Council of Constantinople

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Site of Council of Constantinople

Constantinople (Asia Minor)

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Pope of Council of Constantinople

St. Damasus I

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Emperor of Council of Constantinople

Theodosius I the Great

This council reaffirmed the faith of the Council of Nicaea

Council of Constantinople

This council added clauses in the Nicene Creed about the holy spirit due to Sabellian heresy

Council of Constantinople

Why was the term Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed created?

Because the Council of Constantinople added new clauses to the Nicene Creed about the holy spirit and all that follows to the end of it

He was a bishop presiding in the Council of Constantinople

St. Gregory Nazianzen

He was present in attending the Council of Constantinople

St. Cyril of Jerusalem

Belief of Apollinarianism

- Christ took on a human body but had a divine mind. - Christ was “God in a body.”

Counterarguments on Apollinarianism by the Council of Constantinople

- Christ had to assume every aspect of humanity so he could redeem all of mankind - If Christ only had the outer flesh of man, he could not save people from their sins.

How many bishops were present in the Council of Ephesus?

More than 200 bishops

The council that condemned Nestorianism

Council of Ephesus

Site of the Council of Ephesus

Ephesus (Asia Minor)

Pope of the Council of Ephesus

St. Celestine I

Emperor of the Council of Ephesus

Theodosius II

The council that briefly affirmed the condemnation of the Pelagians

Council of Ephesus

The council that clearly defined the divinity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Theotokos)

Council of Ephesus

The council that affirmed the two natures of Jesus Christ existing without separation, division, or confusion

Council of Chalcedon

Beliefs of Nestorianism

- The divine and human nature of Jesus Christ were only united in nature, not in person - Jesus Christ was two persons

Counterarguments on Nestorianism by the Council of Ephesus

- If Jesus is two persons, then who died on the cross? If it is only the human person, then it is not enough to cleanse mankind of their sins, and atonement would not be of divine quality.

The council that condemned monophysitism

Council of Chalcedon

Site of the Council of Chalcedon

Chalcedon, North of Constantinople

Pope of the Council of Chalcedon

St. Leo I the Great

Emperor of the Council of Chalcedon

Marcian

Who was called the “Soul of Chalcedon?”

Pope St. Leo I the Great

Heresiarch of Arianism

Arius (Bishop of Alexandria)

Heresiarch of Macedonianism

Macedonius

Heresiarch of Apollinarianism

Apolinaris of Laodicea

Heresiarch of Sabellianism

Sabellius

Heresiarch of Monophysitism

Eutyches and Monophysites

The heresy denying the divinity of Christ

Arianism

The heresy that denied the full personhood and divinity of the Holy Spirit

Macedonianism

“The Holy Spirit is not created like the angels no matter how high an order is attributed to such a ‘creature’”. What heresy is this pertaining to?

Macedonianism

The heresy stating that Christ was God in a body.

Apollinarianism

He stated that since Jesus was human, he must have sinned.

Apollinaris

A heresy upholding the belief that Jesus’ as a human had a sinful nature, which couldn’t co-exist with a divine nature.

Apollinarianism

He pictured Christ as the “middle ground” between God and man.

Apollinaris

A heresy stating that the Holy Trinity (God, Son, Holy Spirit) is only one being

Sabellianism

A heresy coming from early forms of Modalistic Monarchism

Sabellianism

A heresy denying the separate and distinct beings of the Holy Trinity, seeing all 3 figures as only one

Sabellianism

Heresiarch of Nestorianism

Nestorius

The heresy upholding the belief that Christ was fully man and fully God, and they were two separate persons.

Nestorianism

He was deposed as Bishop of Constantinople because of his heresy

Nestorius

He is a disciple of Theodore of Mospuestia

Nestorius

The heresy stating that Christ only has a divine nature, and not a human nature.

Monophysitism

Two monophysite schools of thought under Monophysitism

Eutychianism and Apollinarianism

This school of thought taught that Christ’s divinity was so intermixed with his human nature that he couldn’t be both fully human and fully divine

Eutychianism

He was excommunicated after his heresy

Eutyches