lesson 4

Question 1

ambiguity (noun)
/ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/

Answer 1

-sth that can be understood in more than one way/*vague/unclear meaning
Write clear definitions in order to avoid ambiguity.
Her letter was full of ambiguities.
-the state of being difficult
ambiguity of my position.(difficulty)

Question 2

vague (adjective)
/veɪɡ/

Answer 2

unclear/*ambiguous/sth that can be understood more than one way
They had only a vague idea where the place was.
to have a vague impression/memory of something

Question 3

arbitrary (adjective)
arbitrariness(n)

Answer 3

an action made with little thought/*haphazard/ based on little reason/little order
-her choice of clothing seemed arbitrary
without limits
-the arbitrary powers of officials

Question 4

haphazard (adjective)
/hæpˈhæzərd/

Answer 4

with no particular order or plan/little taught/little reason
-in a haphazard way

Question 5

assertive (adjective)
/əˈsɜːrtɪv/

Answer 5

expressing opinions or desires strongly/*declare/express strongly/state positively
the company president is an assertive individual(determined)
It is commonly asserted(v) that older people prefer to receive care from family members

Question 6

assertiveness(n)

Answer 6

he spoke with assertivness
he is an assertive individual(adj)

Question 7

declare( verb)
dɪˈkler

Answer 7

to say something officially/*assert/express strongly/state positively
Germany declared war in 1914
Neither side was able to declare victory.
Few people dared to declare their opposition to the regime.

Question 7

astonishing (adjective)
/əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

Answer 7

surprising/astounding
I find it absolutely astonishing that you didn’t like it

Question 8

astound(v)
/əˈstaʊnd/

Answer 8

astonishing
we were astounded by their success.
made an astounishing discovery

Question 9

perceptive (adjective)
/pərˈseptɪv/

Answer 9

-to see or understand things quickly/*astute/intelligent
It was very perceptive (of) you to notice that.
a highly perceptive comment
-connected with seeing, hearing and understanding
our innate perceptive abilities

Question 10

concurrence( noun)
/kənˈkɜːrəns/

Answer 10

-agreement/*draw the same conclusion/have the same opinion
The doctor may seek the concurrence of a relative/
i concurred (with) the conclusion
-happening
a concurrence of events

Question 11

Do you concur( with) the plans?

Question 12

misleadingly (adverb)
/ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋli/

Answer 12

deceptively(adv)/wrongly
/dɪˈseptɪvli/
the magician deceptively (made) the rabbit diappear.
publishing a misleading and deceptive advertisement.

Question 13

deceptive (adjective)
/dɪˈseptɪv/

Answer 13

making sth appear good when it is false/misleading
a deceptive advertisement

Question 14

deception( noun)
/dɪˈsepʃn/

Answer 14

a drama full of lies and deception

Question 15

assign (verb)
/əˈsaɪn/

Answer 15

to give/*designate/
-The two large classrooms have been assigned to us
to provide a person for a particular task
-They’ve assigned their best man to the job.

Question 16

designate( verb)
/ˈdezɪɡneɪt/

Answer 16

to specify/name/select/indicate
-This area has been designated (as) a National Park.
to choose or name somebody for a particular job
-the designated driver drove everybody home

Question 17

resolute (adjective)
/ˈrezəluːt/

Answer 17

strong and *determined/firm in conviction(believe)
He became even more resolute in his opposition to the plan.
Her voice sounded calm and resolute

Question 18

determination( noun)
/dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn

Answer 18

*resolute/strong in opinion…
-He fought the illness with courage and determination
I admire her determination( to) get it right
-find out
-the process of deciding
self-determination

Question 19

designation(n)

Answer 19

a name, title/*assign
Her official designation is Financial Controller.

Question 20

elicitation (noun)
/ɪˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃn/

Answer 20

*extract/get the fact/draw out the truth
Elicitation of the truth can be difficult at times
the lawer will elicit the fact(v)

Question 21

extract(v)

Answer 21

to get the fact/draw out the truth/
*elicit

extract all kinds of information about her private life
-a machine that extracts excess moisture( from) the air(remove or obtain a substance)=extract something (from something)

Question 22

embodiment( noun)
/ɪmˈbɑːdimənt/

Answer 22

an example(of e concept or idea)/*exemplify
the constitution is an embodiment
(of) american ideals=perfect

Question 23

exemplify( verb)
ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ

Answer 23

*embody/to give an example
She exemplified each of the points she was making with an amusing anecdote.

Question 24

concept (noun)
/ˈkɑːnsept/

Answer 24

idea/
the concept (of )social class
the concept (that )everyone should have equality of opportunity

Question 24

initiate (verb)
/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/

Answer 24

*instigate/to cause a conflict / to make something begin
-i have initiated a programm
make sb experience sth
-His uncle initiated him into the pleasures of sailing

Question 25

instigator (noun)
/ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtər/

Answer 25

sb who initiates sth/initiate/to cause a conflict or argument
the instigators (of) the demonstration

Question 26

ordinary (adjective)

Answer 26

*mundane/routine/common
-an ordinary sort of day
-ordinary people like you and me(usuall)

Question 27

his mother ased him to do all the mundane household(family) chores.(task)

Question 28

appeal (verb)
/əˈpiːl/

Answer 28

to make a deeply felt reques/petition*
i am appealing
Community leaders appealed
(for)calm
Appeal directly( to) the public, answer their questions.

Question 29

abdicate( verb)
/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

Answer 29

to* give up the position of being king/relinquish*
He abdicated in favour of his son.

Question 30

relinquish (verb)
/rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/

Answer 30

give up control/stop/*abdicate
He was forced to relinquish control of the company.

Question 31

an ambiguous message

Answer 31

a message full of ambiguity

Question 32

ambiguously

Answer 32

adv

Question 33

declaration (noun)
/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/

Answer 33

assertiveness/assetion/to express strongly/ the act of making such a statement
the Declaration of Independence (= of the United States)

Question 34

the teacher arbitrarily decided to (give) the class a test

Answer 34

seems arbitrary

Question 35

he was an astute worker

Answer 35

they astutely determined that there would be no chance to finish on time

Question 36

you deceived me about the cost of the car

Question 37

the student petition was denied(request,appeal)

Question 38

resilience(n)
/rɪˈzɪliəns/

Answer 38

strong to recover from disease,difficulty/*tenacious
a resilient pesonality

Question 39

stagnate(v)
/ˈstæɡneɪt/

Answer 39

still/not moving/not developing
stagnant water
tv causes the mind (to) stagnate

Question 40

dissatisfaction (with) goverment instigated the revolution