lesson 4 Flashcards
ambiguity (noun)
/ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/
-sth that can be understood in more than one way/*vague/unclear meaning
Write clear definitions in order to avoid ambiguity.
Her letter was full of ambiguities.
-the state of being difficult
ambiguity of my position.(difficulty)
vague (adjective)
/veɪɡ/
unclear/*ambiguous/sth that can be understood more than one way
They had only a vague idea where the place was.
to have a vague impression/memory of something
arbitrary (adjective)
arbitrariness(n)
an action made with little thought/*haphazard/ based on little reason/little order
-her choice of clothing seemed arbitrary
without limits
-the arbitrary powers of officials
haphazard (adjective)
/hæpˈhæzərd/
with no particular order or plan/little taught/little reason
-in a haphazard way
assertive (adjective)
/əˈsɜːrtɪv/
expressing opinions or desires strongly/*declare/express strongly/state positively
the company president is an assertive individual(determined)
It is commonly asserted(v) that older people prefer to receive care from family members
assertiveness(n)
he spoke with assertivness
he is an assertive individual(adj)
declare( verb)
dɪˈkler
to say something officially/*assert/express strongly/state positively
Germany declared war in 1914
Neither side was able to declare victory.
Few people dared to declare their opposition to the regime.
astonishing (adjective)
/əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/
surprising/astounding
I find it absolutely astonishing that you didn’t like it
astound(v)
/əˈstaʊnd/
astonishing
we were astounded by their success.
made an astounishing discovery
perceptive (adjective)
/pərˈseptɪv/
-to see or understand things quickly/*astute/intelligent
It was very perceptive (of) you to notice that.
a highly perceptive comment
-connected with seeing, hearing and understanding
our innate perceptive abilities
concurrence( noun)
/kənˈkɜːrəns/
-agreement/*draw the same conclusion/have the same opinion
The doctor may seek the concurrence of a relative/
i concurred (with) the conclusion
-happening
a concurrence of events
Do you concur( with) the plans?
misleadingly (adverb)
/ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋli/
deceptively(adv)/wrongly
/dɪˈseptɪvli/
the magician deceptively (made) the rabbit diappear.
publishing a misleading and deceptive advertisement.
deceptive (adjective)
/dɪˈseptɪv/
making sth appear good when it is false/misleading
a deceptive advertisement
deception( noun)
/dɪˈsepʃn/
a drama full of lies and deception
assign (verb)
/əˈsaɪn/
to give/*designate/
-The two large classrooms have been assigned to us
to provide a person for a particular task
-They’ve assigned their best man to the job.
designate( verb)
/ˈdezɪɡneɪt/
to specify/name/select/indicate
-This area has been designated (as) a National Park.
to choose or name somebody for a particular job
-the designated driver drove everybody home
resolute (adjective)
/ˈrezəluːt/
strong and *determined/firm in conviction(believe)
He became even more resolute in his opposition to the plan.
Her voice sounded calm and resolute
determination( noun)
/dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃn
*resolute/strong in opinion…
-He fought the illness with courage and determination
I admire her determination( to) get it right
-find out
-the process of deciding
self-determination
designation(n)
a name, title/*assign
Her official designation is Financial Controller.
elicitation (noun)
/ɪˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃn/
*extract/get the fact/draw out the truth
Elicitation of the truth can be difficult at times
the lawer will elicit the fact(v)
extract(v)
to get the fact/draw out the truth/
*elicit
extract all kinds of information about her private life
-a machine that extracts excess moisture( from) the air(remove or obtain a substance)=extract something (from something)
embodiment( noun)
/ɪmˈbɑːdimənt/
an example(of e concept or idea)/*exemplify
the constitution is an embodiment
(of) american ideals=perfect
exemplify( verb)
ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ
*embody/to give an example
She exemplified each of the points she was making with an amusing anecdote.
concept (noun)
/ˈkɑːnsept/
idea/
the concept (of )social class
the concept (that )everyone should have equality of opportunity
initiate (verb)
/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/
*instigate/to cause a conflict / to make something begin
-i have initiated a programm
make sb experience sth
-His uncle initiated him into the pleasures of sailing
instigator (noun)
/ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtər/
sb who initiates sth/initiate/to cause a conflict or argument
the instigators (of) the demonstration
ordinary (adjective)
*mundane/routine/common
-an ordinary sort of day
-ordinary people like you and me(usuall)
his mother ased him to do all the mundane household(family) chores.(task)
appeal (verb)
/əˈpiːl/
to make a deeply felt reques/petition*
i am appealing
Community leaders appealed
(for)calm
Appeal directly( to) the public, answer their questions.
abdicate( verb)
/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/
to* give up the position of being king/relinquish*
He abdicated in favour of his son.
relinquish (verb)
/rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/
give up control/stop/*abdicate
He was forced to relinquish control of the company.
an ambiguous message
a message full of ambiguity
ambiguously
adv
declaration (noun)
/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/
assertiveness/assetion/to express strongly/ the act of making such a statement
the Declaration of Independence (= of the United States)
the teacher arbitrarily decided to (give) the class a test
seems arbitrary
he was an astute worker
they astutely determined that there would be no chance to finish on time
you deceived me about the cost of the car
the student petition was denied(request,appeal)
resilience(n)
/rɪˈzɪliəns/
strong to recover from disease,difficulty/*tenacious
a resilient pesonality
stagnate(v)
/ˈstæɡneɪt/
still/not moving/not developing
stagnant water
tv causes the mind (to) stagnate
dissatisfaction (with) goverment instigated the revolution
