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CPH > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the relationship between organisms, their relationship with each other and with their environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Ecology - logus/oikios means

A

Home

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3
Q

relationships between people and their environment

A

Ecology

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4
Q

an array of organisms and their physical
environment, all interacting through a flow of energy and a cycling of materials

A

Ecosystem

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5
Q

2 types of ecosystem

A
  • Biological community
  • Physical environment
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6
Q

Knowledge
Population
Technology
Social organization
Values

A

Social system

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7
Q

is a straight-line sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem.

A

Food chain

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8
Q

a network of crossing, interlinked food
chains, encompassing primary producers and an array of consumers and decomposers.

A

Food web

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9
Q

Tropical levels

A

First- primary producers
Second - primary consumers
Third - secondary consumers
Fourth - tertiary consumers

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10
Q

Use of the same limiting
resource, with resulting
fitness loss
- Interaction between Interaction between
two species

A

Competition

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11
Q

Use of the same limiting
resource, with resulting
fitness loss
- Interaction between members of a species

A

Competition

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12
Q

Consumption of all or part
of another individual
- between two species

A

Predation

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13
Q

Consumption of all or part
of another individual
Between members

A

Cannibalism

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14
Q

Individuals live in close
association

A

Mutualism

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15
Q

Individuals live in close
association, to cost of host

A

Parasitism

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16
Q

Both benefit

A

Mutualism

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17
Q

One benefits one unharmed

A

Commensalism

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18
Q

One benefited one harmed

A

Parasitism

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19
Q

None benefited none harmed

A

Neutralism

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20
Q

One is harmed one is unharmed

A

Ammensalism

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21
Q

Both harmed

A

Competition

22
Q

study of human population which includes changes
in population size, composition and its distribution.

A

Demography

23
Q

Three major components of demography:

A
  • (1) Mortality
  • (2) Fertility
  • (3) Migration
24
Q

Characteristics of Populations

> is the number of
individuals that make
up the gene pool.

A

Population size

25
Q

Characteristics of Populations

> number of
individuals per unit
area or per unit
volume.

A

Population density

26
Q

Current World Population

A

7,771,534,177

27
Q

Characteristics of Populations
How people are
spread across the
earth

A

Population distribution

28
Q

Reasons for
distribution
of population

A

Physical
Socioeconomical
Cultural
Historical

29
Q

Characteristics of Populations
characterizes the
population according
to the number of
individuals in each of
several age
categories

A

Age structure

30
Q

Characteristics of Populations
>Way of life of an
individual or of the
community

A

Lifestyle

31
Q

Lifestyle is influenced by

A

age;income; geography

32
Q

Predictor of health
conditions

A

Lifestyle

33
Q

represents a doubling of
the population in a
specified time.

A

_Exponential Growth

34
Q

Exponential growth curve is called

A

J shaped growth curve

35
Q

maximum
rate of increase an
individual can produce
Population

A

Biotic potential

36
Q

highest
population that can be
maintained indefinitely

A

Carrying capacity

37
Q

Biotic potential is
›Limited by:

A

Environmental resistance

38
Q

Density-Dependent
Control
(Resource limiting)

A

Competition

Predation

Parasitism
and disease

39
Q

Density-Independent
Control
(Condition-limiting)

A

Natural
disaster

Unusual
weather

40
Q

> medical science
that focuses on the
occurrence,
distribution and
determinants of
disease frequency
in a populations
How many & why

A

Epidemiology

41
Q

merely refers to the number of cases of a disease or other health phenomenon being studied (Friis, 2010).

A

Counts

42
Q

refers to the occurrence of a new disease or mortality within a defined period of observation

A

Incidence

43
Q

refers to the number of existing cases of a disease or health condition, or deaths in a population at some designated time (

A

Prevalence

44
Q

type of rate that has not been modified to take account of any of the factors such as demographic makeup of the population that may affect the observed rate. These are summary rates based on the actual number of events in a population over a given time period.

A

Crude rate

45
Q

refers to the number of deaths due to a disease that occur among persons who are afflicted with that disease.

A

Case Fatality Rate

46
Q

refers to mortality (or the frequency of a given disease) divided by the population size at that midpoint of a time period times a multiplier.

A

Cause specific rate

47
Q

refers to the number of years that a person is expected to live, at any particular year.

A

Life Expectancy

48
Q

encompasses maternal deaths that result from causes associated with pregnancy.

A

Maternal mortality

49
Q

number of infant deaths among infants aged 0 to 365 days during a year divided by the number of live births during the same year (expressed as the rate per 1,000 births)

A

Infant mortality rate

50
Q

defined as the death of the fetus when it is in the uterus and before it has been delivered

A

Fetal mortality

51
Q

refers to the number of live births during a specified period such as a year per the resident population at the midpoint of the year.

A

Crude birth rate -

CPH (5 decks)

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