Lesson 304 Wake Turbolence Flashcards
What is the AIM of the Wake Turbulence training?
To understand wake turbulence rules and limitations and apply appropriate separation in different circumstances.
Why is wake turbulence considered a hazard to many aircraft?
By properly applying the required separation you can ensure aircraft operate safely in the airport environment and your airports control zone.
Define wake turbulence as described in the course.
Wake turbulence is a natural effect of aircraft in flight caused by wing-tip vortices and is a by-product of lift. It can have adverse or disastrous effects on aircraft following behind or flying through the wake of a preceding aircraft.
What factors govern the strength of wake turbulence vortices?
The strength of these vortices is governed by the shape of the wings weight and speed of the aircraft; the most significant factor is weight.
How do induced roll effects occur in relation to wake turbulence?
Aircraft flying directly into the core of a vortex will tend to roll with the vortex. The capability of counteracting this roll depends on the wingspan and control responsiveness of the aircraft.
When does wake turbulence begin and end during an aircraft’s flight?
Wake turbulence starts when the nose wheel lifts off the runway and ends when the nose wheel touches down on arrival.
What is the impact of wind conditions on wake turbulence?
Crosswind can transport wake vortices and headwinds can cause vortices to persist.
How are aircraft categorized concerning wake turbulence?
Aircraft are placed into one of three weight categories: Light Medium and Heavy. The Super category will not be practised as part of this course.
What is MATS definition of wake turbulence?
Wake turbulence is turbulent air behind an aircraft caused by wing-tip vortices rotor-tip vortices jet-engine thrust stream or jet blast rotor downwash and prop wash.
What must Canadian controllers always use in terms of wake turbulence weight categories?
Canadian controllers must always use ICAO wake turbulence weight categories even when controlling an American or foreign aircraft.
How is a light aircraft defined in MATS for wake turbulence categorization purposes?
An aircraft certificated for a maximum take-off weight of 7000 kilograms (15500 pounds) or less.
Identify the categories for wake turbulence.
- Light 2. Medium 3. Heavy 4. Super.
What should be included in initial contact regarding wake turbulence weight categories?
Include the wake category suffixes HEAVY or SUPER as appropriate in the initial contact.
Describe the purpose of the wake turbulence timer as detailed in the IWP User Manual.
The wake turbulence timer presents a time display with a countdown function to assist the controller in maintaining wake turbulence separation.
What should the controller do before issuing a landing or take-off clearance?
The controller should look at the timer to ensure that proper wake turbulence separation is applied or a cautionary is issued.
What are the procedures to avoid wake turbulence according to MATS?
Provide wake-avoidance information to any lighter aircraft that is following a departure or arrival or that is following another aircraft.
What effect do crosswinds have on wake turbulence vortices?
Crosswinds decrease the lateral movement of the upwind vortex and increase the movement of the downwind vortex.
How is wake turbulence separation adjusted based on wind and aircraft situation?
When a departure is following a heavier aircraft the ensuing aircraft can manage lift-off timings to avoid the vortex zones created during departure.
Explain what constitutes the wake vortex zones as explained in the document.
Wake vortex zones are indicated for the areas impacted by departing and in-flight aircraft delineating the potential for turbulence effects on following aircraft.
What does the term ‘wake turbulence warning’ refer to according to the course material?
It refers to the caution provided to lighter aircraft that follow a heavier aircraft that has just departed or is arriving.
What is the minimum distance between parallel runways to mitigate the effect of wake vortices?
Less than 2500 feet.
What type of aircraft creates wake vortices that can affect lighter aircraft?
Heavy or heavier aircraft.
How do wake vortices affect aircraft on parallel runways?
They are expansive enough to affect lighter aircraft operating on a parallel runway that is less than 2500 feet away.
What are wake vortices?
Wake vortices are rotating air patterns created by heavy or heavier aircraft as they fly which can affect other aircraft nearby.
What should be considered when operating aircraft on parallel runways that are less than 2500 feet apart?
The potential impact of wake vortices from heavier aircraft on lighter aircraft.
