lesson 3 (tissue), lesson 4 (bone)

Question 1

what is a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure

Answer 1

tissues

Question 2

the following are functions of what:

• provide physical protection
• control permeability
• provide sensation

Answer 2

epithelial tissue

Question 3

single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

Answer 3

squamous epithelia

Question 4

single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

Answer 4

epithelia

Question 5

contain two or more layers of cells, regenerate from below, and major role is protection

Answer 5

stratified epithelia

Question 6

the collective term for the extracellular component of any connective tissue that is made up of the protein fibers and the ground substance

Answer 6

matrix

Question 7

very long, cylindrical fibers made up of three subunits coiled around one another

• 1/3 of the bone matrix

Answer 7

collagen fibers

Question 8

a single unit of collagen protein

Answer 8

reticular fibers

Question 9

contain the protein elastin

Answer 9

elastic fibers

Question 10

gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; wraps and cushions organs (type of loose CT)

Answer 10

areolar

Question 11

gel like matrix, but very sparse, closely packed fat cells, have nucleus pushed to side by large fat droplet
(type of loose CT)

Answer 11

adipose

Question 12

a fluid CT containing a matrix called plasma and various types of cells

Answer 12

blood

Question 13

formed as interstitial fluid collected into lymphatic vessels to be brought back to the blood vessels

Answer 13

Lymph

Question 14

contains few cells, high amounts of fiber, and a ground substance that may contain insoluble calcium salts

Answer 14

supporting CT

Question 15

firm matrix, collagen fibers form an imperceptible network, chondroblasts produce the matrix when mature lie in lacunae

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage

Question 16

more elastic fibers in matrix, maintains the shape of a structure while allowing flexibility

Answer 16

elastic cartilage

Question 17

long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells. function is voluntary movement, locomotion, manipulation of the environment, and facial expressions

Answer 17

skeletal muscle

Question 18

branching, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions

• as it contracts it propels blood into the circulation

Answer 18

cardiac muscle

Question 19

is specialized conduct electrical signals through the body

Answer 19

neural tissue

Question 20

the cells that actually transmit electrical signals

Answer 20

neurons

Question 21

are the supporting cells of the neural tissue

Answer 21

neuroglia

Question 22

made up of the skeleton and the cartilages, ligaments, and other connective tissues that stabilize them

Answer 22

skeletal system

Question 23

the connecting region between the epiphyses and diaphysis

Answer 23

metaphysis

Question 24

these = mature cells
- maintain bone tissue

Answer 24

osteocytes

Question 25

immature, active cells
- found on inner and outer surfaces of a bone, produce osteoid

Answer 25

osteoblasts

Question 26

the process of making new bone

Answer 26

osteogenesis

Question 27

found in inner and outer surface of a bone
- divide to form new osteoblasts

Answer 27

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 28

giant multinucleate cells; perform osteolysis

• these resorb bone by secreting enzymes and acid to dissolve the bone matrix

Answer 28

osteoclasts

Question 29

forms an irregular newer within the bone marrow

Answer 29

spongy bone

Question 30

covers the outer surface of bones

Answer 30

periosteum

Question 31

lines the marrow cavity

Answer 31

endosteum

Question 32

removes mineral from bone

Answer 32

parathyroid hormone

Question 33

causes mineral deposition in bone

Answer 33

calcitonin

Question 34

stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plate cartilage

Answer 34

growth hormone

Question 35

prevents osteoporosis in post menopausal woman

Answer 35

estrogen