Lesson 3 Terms - Anatomy and Physiology of Phonation

Question 1

approximation

Answer 1

When referring to vocal folds, making contact.

Question 2

vocal folds (vocal cords)

Answer 2

The vibrating component of the larynx used to produce sound.

Question 3

Bernoulli effect (principle)

Answer 3

Given a constant volume flow of air or liquid, at a point of constriction there will be a decrease in air or liquid pressure perpendicular to the flow and an increase in velocity of flow.

Question 4

adduction

Answer 4

The process of moving two structures closer together.

Question 5

abduction

Answer 5

The process of moving two structures farther apart.

Question 6

process

Answer 6

Protrusion of an anatomical structure.

Question 7

aditus

Answer 7

The entrance of the larynx.

Question 8

ventricular

Answer 8

Referring to cavities r passageways to structures.

Question 9

glottis

Answer 9

The space between the vocal folds.

Question 10

anterior commissure of glottis

Answer 10

The anterior-most region of the glottis.

Question 11

posterior commissure of glottis

Answer 11

The posterior-most region of the glottis.

Question 12

valleculae

Answer 12

Pair of small indentations between the tongue and epiglottis.

Question 13

fossa

Answer 13

Indentation or cavity.

Question 14

pharyngeal recesses

Answer 14

Valleculae and piriform sinuses.

Question 15

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 15

Muscles with both origin and insertion in the larynx.

Question 16

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 16

Muscles with one attachment in the larynx and one attachment outside the larynx.

Question 17

cough

Answer 17

Forceful expiration of air following tight adduction of the vocal folds, for the purpose of expelling foreign matter from the airway.

Question 18

paralysis

Answer 18

Loss of voluntary motor function due to lesion int eh nervous system.

Question 19

paresis

Answer 19

Weakness arising from lesion in the nervous system.

Question 20

sign

Answer 20

Measurable or objective component of illness or condition.

Question 21

simultaneous vocal attack

Answer 21

Phonation initiated through simultaneous vocal folds adduction end expiration.

Question 22

breathy vocal attack

Answer 22

Phonation by initiating expiration before adduction of the vocal folds.

Question 23

glottal attack

Answer 23

Phonatory onset that occurs with the adductions of the vocal folds before onset of expiration.

Question 24

fundamental frequency

Answer 24

The lowest component of a harmonic series. In phonation the lowest frequency of the voiced source.

Question 25

aphonia

Answer 25

Loss of voicing.

Question 26

modal register

Answer 26

The mode of vibration used for daily speaking.

Question 27

glottal fry

Answer 27

A low-frequency mode of vibration characterized by syncopated rhythm and generated by low subglottal air pressure.

Question 28

falsetto

Answer 28

Phonation is high in frequency, which is produced by significant increase in laryngeal tension that results in thinned vocal fold margins.

Question 29

whispered speech

Answer 29

Speech produced without focal fold vibration by causing air to pass along the edges of the tensed vocal folds, thus producing a friction sound source.

Question 30

pitch

Answer 30

The perceptual correlate of frequency of vibration.

Question 31

oscillation

Answer 31

Repeated vibration of a body at the same frequency.

Question 32

prosody

Answer 32

Combination of changes in fundamental frequency and vocal intensity that provides linguistically relevant information.

Question 33

hypertonus

Answer 33

Abnormal increase in muscle tone.

Question 34

optimal pitch

Answer 34

The frequency of vibration of the vocal folds that is most efficient for the vocal folds.

Question 35

laryngeal stridor

Answer 35

Harsh sound produced upon inhalation or exhalation.

Question 36

habitual pitch

Answer 36

The frequency of vibration of the vocal folds habitually used by an individual during speech.

Question 37

average fundamental frequency

Answer 37

The average frequency of vibration taken over a given time period of phonation.

Question 38

pitch range

Answer 38

the range of phonation possible, calculated as the highest frequency of vibration minus the lowest frequency of vibration.

Question 39

loudness

Answer 39

The perceptual correlate of intensity.

Question 40

intonation

Answer 40

The changes in pitch in continuous speech.

Question 41

stress

Answer 41

The emphasis on a word produced in continuous speech, relative to the emphasis of the entire utterance.

Question 42

suprasegmental

Answer 42

Information within the speech signal that spans two or more phonemes, generally called prosodic elements.

Question 43

monopitch

Answer 43

Speech with little or no perceived variation in pitch

Question 44

monoloud

Answer 44

Of unvarying vocal loudness.