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Essentials of A&P > Lesson 1 Terms - Basic Elements of Anatomy > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Terms - Basic Elements of Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

The study of structure of an organism.

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2
Q

applied, or clinical, anatomy

A

The subdiscipline of anatomy concerned with diagnosis, treatment, and surgical intervention.

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3
Q

descriptive, or systemic, anatomy

A

The description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease.

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4
Q

gross anatomy

A

The study of structures visible without the aid of microscopy.

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5
Q

electrophysiology

A

Measurement and study of the electrical activity of cells.

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6
Q

auditory physiology

A

The procedures involved in measurement of auditory function.

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7
Q

respiratory physiology

A

The study of all processes involved in breathing.

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8
Q

pathological anatomy

A

The study concerned with diseased tissue.

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9
Q

anatomical position

A

The body is erect and the palms and arms face foward.

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10
Q

plane

A

A flat relatively smooth surface.

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11
Q

axis

A

The real or imaginary line running through the center of a body or structure.

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12
Q

frontal section

A

Section that devides the body into front and back sections.

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13
Q

midsagittal section

A

Section that cuts the body into left and right halves.

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14
Q

sagittal section

A

Section that divides the body into left and right parts.

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15
Q

sagittal plane

A

Plane created by a saggital section.

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16
Q

transverse section

A

Section that divides the body into upper and lower halves.

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17
Q

anterior

A

In front of.

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18
Q

ventral

A

Referring to the front surface of a body.

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19
Q

posterior

A

Towards the back; behind.

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20
Q

dorsal

A

Reffering to the back surface of a body.

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21
Q

rostral

A

Towards the head.

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22
Q

caudal

A

Toward the tail.

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23
Q

peripheral

A

Away from the center of the body.

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24
Q

superficial

A

Confinied to the surface.

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25
Q

deep

A

Closer to the central axis of the body.

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26
Q

external

A

Outside a cavity or body.

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27
Q

Internal

A

Within a cavity or body.

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28
Q

distal

A

Away from midline.

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29
Q

medial, mesial

A

Toward midline.

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30
Q

superior

A

Above, farther from the ground.

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31
Q

inferior

A

Below, closer to the ground.

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32
Q

prone

A

Lying on the belly.

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33
Q

supine

A

Lying on the back.

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34
Q

lateral

A

To the side.

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35
Q

proximal

A

Near a body or structure.

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36
Q

axial skeleton

A

The portion of the skeleton that is the head and trunk, with the spinal column being the axis.

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37
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

The portion of the skeleton that inlcudes only the lower and upper limbs.

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38
Q

neuraxis

A

The axis of the nervous system, including spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebrum.

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39
Q

flexion

A

Bending at a joint, usually toward the ventral surface.

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40
Q

extension

A

The act of pulling two ends further apart; the opposite of flexion.

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41
Q

hyperextension

A

Extension that continues to the point where the dorsal surfaces approach each other.

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42
Q

dorsiflexion

A

Hypertension.

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43
Q

plantar

A

Referring to the sole of the foot, the flexar surface.

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44
Q

plantar grasp reflex

A

Reaction to stimulation of the sole of the foot that causes the toes of the feet to “grasp.”

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45
Q

inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

46
Q

eversion

A

Turning the foot outward.

47
Q

palmar

A

Referring to the palm of the hand.

48
Q

palmar grasp reflex

A

Reaction to stimulation of the palm that causes the fingers to grasp.

49
Q

pronation

A

Rotation of the hand so the palmar surface is directed inferiorly.

50
Q

supination

A

Rotation of the hand so the palmar surface is directed superiorly.

51
Q

thorax

A

The chest region.

52
Q

abdomen

A

The region represented externally as the front (anterior) abdominal wall.

53
Q

dorsal trunk

A

The region commonly reffered to as “the back.”

54
Q

pelvis

A

The area of the hip bones.

55
Q

cranium

A

The part of the skull that houses the brain.

56
Q

upper extremity

A

The region consisting of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.

57
Q

arm

A

The region from the shoulder to the elbow.

58
Q

lower extremity

A

The region including the hip, thigh, ankle, and foot.

59
Q

leg

A

The portion of the lower extremity from the knee to the ankle.

60
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

The study of structures not visible to the unaided eye.

61
Q

developmental anatomy

A

The study of development of the organism’s anatomy from conception to adulthood.

62
Q

epithelial tissue

A

Tissue that provides a protective lining for the surface of the body and internal surfaces of cavities.

63
Q

connective tissue

A

Tissue that is capable of contraction.

64
Q

muscular tissue

A

Tissue that is capable of contraction.

65
Q

neural tissue

A

Tissue that is specialized to transmit information.

66
Q

glandular epithelium

A

Epithelium that secretes fluids

67
Q

baseplate (basement membrane)

A

Thin, membranous subsurfaces of epithelial tissue that serves structural, functional, and developmental purposes, depending on its location.

68
Q

beating ciliated epithelium

A

Epithelial cells with hairlike protrusions that actively beat to remove contaminants from the epithelial surface.

69
Q

matrix

A

Intercellular material of connective tissue.

70
Q

areolar tissue (loose connective tissue)

A

Supportive connective tissue.

71
Q

adipose tissue

A

Areolar tissue that is richly impregnated with fat cells.

72
Q

lymphoid tissue

A

Specialized connective tissue in tonsils and adenoids.

73
Q

fibrous tissue

A

Tissue that binds structures together.

74
Q

white fibrous tissue

A

Connective tissue that is strong, dense, and highly organized.

75
Q

yellow elastic tissue

A

Connective tissue in cartilage.

76
Q

blood

A

Connective tissue that contains plasma and blood cells.

77
Q

plasma

A

Fluid component of blood.

78
Q

bone

A

Dense, inelastic connective tissue.

79
Q

compact bone

A

Sheetlike bone.

80
Q

spongy bone

A

Porous bone.

81
Q

striated muscle

A

Skeletal muscle, voluntary muscle.

82
Q

smooth muscle

A

Includes the muscular tissue of the digestive tract and blood vessels not under voluntary control.

83
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Muscle of the heart, composed of cells that interconnect like a net.

84
Q

neurons

A

Cells specialized for communication.

85
Q

compressive strength

A

The ability of a material to resist crushing.

86
Q

perimysium

A

Special fascia surrounding muscle.

87
Q

ligaments

A

Bands of connective tissue responsible for binding structures together or hold structures in place.

88
Q

skeletal ligaments

A

Connective tissue that binds bone to bone.

89
Q

tendons

A

Connective tissue bands that are part of the muscle and attach muscle to bone or cartilage.

90
Q

tensile strength

A

The ability of a material to resist being pulled apart.

91
Q

morphology

A

Form.

92
Q

aponeurosis

A

Sheetlike tendon.

93
Q

periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane covering a bone.

94
Q

cartilage

A

Connective tissue that is elastic

95
Q

elasticity

A

Having the ability and tendency to return to original position.

96
Q

articulate

A

Join together.

97
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

Smooth, glassy, blue cartilage for surfaces of bones that come together in joints.

98
Q

fibrocartilage

A

Smooth cartilage made up of a mixture of white fibrous and collagen tissue.

99
Q

yellow (elastic) cartilage

A

Cartilage that has greater elasticity than other forms of cartilage.

100
Q

diarthrodial, or synovial, joints

A

Highly mobile joints lubricated with synovial fluid.

101
Q

functional unity

A

Groups of tissues working for a single functional purpose.

102
Q

origin

A

The point of attachment of a muscle that is immobile when a muscle contracts.

103
Q

insertion

A

The point of attachment of a muscle that is mobile when muscle contracts.

104
Q

agonists (prime movers)

A

Muscles that move a structure.

105
Q

antagonists

A

Muscles that oppose a prime mover or agonist.

106
Q

synergist

A

Muscles used to stabilize structures.

107
Q

innervation

A

Distribution of nervous tissue to serve communication between brain and muscles.

108
Q

sensory (afferent) innervation

A

Innervation that provides the central nervous system with information about the state of the body or tissues.

109
Q

motor (efferent/excitatory) innervation

A

Innervation that douses muscles to contract or glands to secrete.

110
Q

motor nerve

A

Nerve that activates muscle of gland.

111
Q

motor unit

A

Tissue consisting of one motor nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches.

Essentials of A&P (7 decks)

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