Lesson 1 Terms - Basic Elements of Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
anatomy
A
The study of structure of an organism.
2
Q
applied, or clinical, anatomy
A
The subdiscipline of anatomy concerned with diagnosis, treatment, and surgical intervention.
3
Q
descriptive, or systemic, anatomy
A
The description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease.
4
Q
gross anatomy
A
The study of structures visible without the aid of microscopy.
5
Q
electrophysiology
A
Measurement and study of the electrical activity of cells.
6
Q
auditory physiology
A
The procedures involved in measurement of auditory function.
7
Q
respiratory physiology
A
The study of all processes involved in breathing.
8
Q
pathological anatomy
A
The study concerned with diseased tissue.
9
Q
anatomical position
A
The body is erect and the palms and arms face foward.
10
Q
plane
A
A flat relatively smooth surface.
11
Q
axis
A
The real or imaginary line running through the center of a body or structure.
12
Q
frontal section
A
Section that devides the body into front and back sections.
13
Q
midsagittal section
A
Section that cuts the body into left and right halves.
14
Q
sagittal section
A
Section that divides the body into left and right parts.
15
Q
sagittal plane
A
Plane created by a saggital section.
16
Q
transverse section
A
Section that divides the body into upper and lower halves.
17
Q
anterior
A
In front of.
18
Q
ventral
A
Referring to the front surface of a body.
19
Q
posterior
A
Towards the back; behind.
20
Q
dorsal
A
Reffering to the back surface of a body.
21
Q
rostral
A
Towards the head.
22
Q
caudal
A
Toward the tail.
23
Q
peripheral
A
Away from the center of the body.
24
Q
superficial
A
Confinied to the surface.
25
deep
Closer to the central axis of the body.
26
external
Outside a cavity or body.
27
Internal
Within a cavity or body.
28
distal
Away from midline.
29
medial, mesial
Toward midline.
30
superior
Above, farther from the ground.
31
inferior
Below, closer to the ground.
32
prone
Lying on the belly.
33
supine
Lying on the back.
34
lateral
To the side.
35
proximal
Near a body or structure.
36
axial skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that is the head and trunk, with the spinal column being the axis.
37
appendicular skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that inlcudes only the lower and upper limbs.
38
neuraxis
The axis of the nervous system, including spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebrum.
39
flexion
Bending at a joint, usually toward the ventral surface.
40
extension
The act of pulling two ends further apart; the opposite of flexion.
41
hyperextension
Extension that continues to the point where the dorsal surfaces approach each other.
42
dorsiflexion
Hypertension.
43
plantar
Referring to the sole of the foot, the flexar surface.
44
plantar grasp reflex
Reaction to stimulation of the sole of the foot that causes the toes of the feet to "grasp."
45
inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward.
46
eversion
Turning the foot outward.
47
palmar
Referring to the palm of the hand.
48
palmar grasp reflex
Reaction to stimulation of the palm that causes the fingers to grasp.
49
pronation
Rotation of the hand so the palmar surface is directed inferiorly.
50
supination
Rotation of the hand so the palmar surface is directed superiorly.
51
thorax
The chest region.
52
abdomen
The region represented externally as the front (anterior) abdominal wall.
53
dorsal trunk
The region commonly reffered to as "the back."
54
pelvis
The area of the hip bones.
55
cranium
The part of the skull that houses the brain.
56
upper extremity
The region consisting of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
57
arm
The region from the shoulder to the elbow.
58
lower extremity
The region including the hip, thigh, ankle, and foot.
59
leg
The portion of the lower extremity from the knee to the ankle.
60
microscopic anatomy
The study of structures not visible to the unaided eye.
61
developmental anatomy
The study of development of the organism's anatomy from conception to adulthood.
62
epithelial tissue
Tissue that provides a protective lining for the surface of the body and internal surfaces of cavities.
63
connective tissue
Tissue that is capable of contraction.
64
muscular tissue
Tissue that is capable of contraction.
65
neural tissue
Tissue that is specialized to transmit information.
66
glandular epithelium
Epithelium that secretes fluids
67
baseplate (basement membrane)
Thin, membranous subsurfaces of epithelial tissue that serves structural, functional, and developmental purposes, depending on its location.
68
beating ciliated epithelium
Epithelial cells with hairlike protrusions that actively beat to remove contaminants from the epithelial surface.
69
matrix
Intercellular material of connective tissue.
70
areolar tissue (loose connective tissue)
Supportive connective tissue.
71
adipose tissue
Areolar tissue that is richly impregnated with fat cells.
72
lymphoid tissue
Specialized connective tissue in tonsils and adenoids.
73
fibrous tissue
Tissue that binds structures together.
74
white fibrous tissue
Connective tissue that is strong, dense, and highly organized.
75
yellow elastic tissue
Connective tissue in cartilage.
76
blood
Connective tissue that contains plasma and blood cells.
77
plasma
Fluid component of blood.
78
bone
Dense, inelastic connective tissue.
79
compact bone
Sheetlike bone.
80
spongy bone
Porous bone.
81
striated muscle
Skeletal muscle, voluntary muscle.
82
smooth muscle
Includes the muscular tissue of the digestive tract and blood vessels not under voluntary control.
83
cardiac muscle
Muscle of the heart, composed of cells that interconnect like a net.
84
neurons
Cells specialized for communication.
85
compressive strength
The ability of a material to resist crushing.
86
perimysium
Special fascia surrounding muscle.
87
ligaments
Bands of connective tissue responsible for binding structures together or hold structures in place.
88
skeletal ligaments
Connective tissue that binds bone to bone.
89
tendons
Connective tissue bands that are part of the muscle and attach muscle to bone or cartilage.
90
tensile strength
The ability of a material to resist being pulled apart.
91
morphology
Form.
92
aponeurosis
Sheetlike tendon.
93
periosteum
Fibrous membrane covering a bone.
94
cartilage
Connective tissue that is elastic
95
elasticity
Having the ability and tendency to return to original position.
96
articulate
Join together.
97
hyaline cartilage
Smooth, glassy, blue cartilage for surfaces of bones that come together in joints.
98
fibrocartilage
Smooth cartilage made up of a mixture of white fibrous and collagen tissue.
99
yellow (elastic) cartilage
Cartilage that has greater elasticity than other forms of cartilage.
100
diarthrodial, or synovial, joints
Highly mobile joints lubricated with synovial fluid.
101
functional unity
Groups of tissues working for a single functional purpose.
102
origin
The point of attachment of a muscle that is immobile when a muscle contracts.
103
insertion
The point of attachment of a muscle that is mobile when muscle contracts.
104
agonists (prime movers)
Muscles that move a structure.
105
antagonists
Muscles that oppose a prime mover or agonist.
106
synergist
Muscles used to stabilize structures.
107
innervation
Distribution of nervous tissue to serve communication between brain and muscles.
108
sensory (afferent) innervation
Innervation that provides the central nervous system with information about the state of the body or tissues.
109
motor (efferent/excitatory) innervation
Innervation that douses muscles to contract or glands to secrete.
110
motor nerve
Nerve that activates muscle of gland.
111
motor unit
Tissue consisting of one motor nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches.
