Lesson 3 Subjuctive mood

Question 1

Personal endings for Latin verbs, active voice

Answer 1

Personal endings for Latin verbs, active voice
Singular Plural
1 -ō / -m -mus
2 -s -tis
3 -t -nt

Question 2

Imperative of pōnō

Answer 2

pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum: put, place
Singular Plural
1 *** ***
2 pōne = put! pōnite = put!
3 *** ***

Question 3

Present active indicative conjugation of pōnō

Answer 3

pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum: put, place
Singular Plural
1 pōnō pōnimus
2 pōnis pōnitis
3 pōnit pōnunt

Question 4

Present active subjunctive conjugation of pōnō

Answer 4

pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum: put, place
Singular Plural
1 pōnam pōnāmus
2 pōnās pōnātis
3 pōnat pōnant

Question 5

Let Caesar put his legions in Gaul!

Answer 5

pōnat,

Question 6

Let Pompey and Crassus put Cicero to work for the triumvirate!

Answer 6

pōnant

Question 7

Let us put that knife in Caesar!

Answer 7

pōnāmus.

Question 8

The indicative mood of the verb spells out facts. The word indicative
derives from index, which in Latin meant “informer.” Think of using
your index finger to point out a fact: “Which of your neighbors
moved his boundary stone onto your property?” “He did.”

Question 9

The imperative mood is bossy; it’s used to give direct orders: “Put
the dinner on the table now, Julius!”

Question 10

The subjunctive mood is more subtle and has many uses. As we said, it can be used to exhort. It can also be used with ut to express purpose or result:
o so that he may put: ut pōnat
o with the result that he may put: ut pōnat

Question 11

The subjunctive mood can be used with nē to express negative
purpose or with ut nōn to express negative result:
o so that he may not put: nē pōnat
o with the result that he may not put: ut nōn pōnat

Question 12

Other uses of the subjunctive include expressing doubt about
something someone else has said, when reporting an opinion,
when reporting an indirect question, when expressing a general
characteristic, and more

Question 13

Present active subjunctive conjugation of vīvō
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum: live

Answer 13

Singular Plural
1 vīvam vīvāmus
2 vīvās vīvātis
3 vīvat vīvant

Question 14

Present active indicative conjugation of vīvō
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum: live

Answer 14

Singular Plural
1 vīvō vīvimus
2 vīvis vīvitis
3 vīvit vīvunt

Question 15

Present active subjunctive conjugation of bibō
bibō, bibere, bibī: drink

Answer 15

Singular Plural
1 bibam bibāmus
2 bibās bibātis
3 bibat bibant

Question 16

Depending on the circumstances, “you should drink,” “you may drink,” “so that you may drink,” and “you drink” may be represented by bibās. How can this be? In Latin, the subjunctive represents the attitude of the speaker to the action. We represent attitude in English differently, hence,
the lack of one-to-one correspondence.

Question 17

Present subjunctive conjugation of fīō

Answer 17

fīō, fierī, factus sum: be made, become, happen
Singular Plural
1 fīam fīāmus
2 fīās fīātis
3 fīat fīant

Question 18

Present active indicative conjugation of dēsinō

Answer 18

dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī: cease, desist, stop
Singular Plural
1 dēsinō dēsinimus
2 dēsinis dēsinitis
3 dēsinit dēsinunt

Question 19

Present active subjunctive conjugation of dēsinō

Answer 19

dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī: cease, desist, stop
Singular Plural
1 dēsinam dēsināmus
2 dēsinās dēsinātis
3 dēsinat dēsinant

Question 20

Linguam Latīnam discō

Answer 20

I learn the Latin language

Question 21

Linguam Latīnam discimus

Answer 21

We learn the Latin language

Question 22

Linguam Latīnam discāmus.

Answer 22

Let us learn the Latin language.

Question 23

Bibāmus, ut vīvāmus!

Answer 23

Let us drink, so that we may live!

Question 24

Vīvimus, ut bibāmus.

Answer 24

We live, so that we may drink

Question 25

Lesbia bibit, nē Catullus dēsinat ineptīre.

Answer 25

Lesbia drinks, lest Catullus
cease to be a fool. (Lesbia drinks so that Catullus will not cease to be
a fool.)

Question 26

Bibite, Catulle et Lesbia, ut vīvātis!

Answer 26

Drink, Catullus and Lesbia, so that
you may live!

Question 27

Bibite.

Answer 27

Y’all drink!

Question 28

Dēsinātis ineptīre, nē Lesbia bibat.

Answer 28

Y’all should cease to be foolish, lest
Lesbia drink.

Question 29

Linguam Latīnam discunt, ut in Rōmā antīquā vīvant

Answer 29

They learn the
Latin language so that they may live in ancient Rome.

Question 30

bibimus

Answer 30

we drink

Question 31

bibāmus

Answer 31

let us drink (we may drink/we should drink)

Question 32

discunt

Answer 32

they are learning

Question 33

discant

Answer 33

let them learn (they may learn/they should learn)

Question 34

dēsinitis

Answer 34

you’all cease

Question 35

dēsinātis

Answer 35

you’all may cease (you should cease)

Question 36

The women learn.

Answer 36

Mulierēs discunt

Question 37

The women may learn

Answer 37

Discant mulierēs

Question 38

Let us learn the Latin language.

Answer 38

Linguam Latīnam discāmus

Question 39

Stop! (addressing one person)

Answer 39

Dēsine!

Question 40

Stop! (addressing more than one person)

Answer 40

Dēsinite!

Question 41

The soldiers are eating so that they may live.

Answer 41

Edunt mīlitēs ut vīvant

Question 42

Let the soldier eat and drink.

Answer 42

Edat bibatque mīles

Question 43

Let us drink so that we may live.

Answer 43

Bibāmus ut vīvāmus

Question 44

Caesar is conquering.

Answer 44

Vincit Caesar.

Question 45

Caesar may conquer.

Answer 45

Caesar vincat

Question 46

Let there be light! (Let light come into existence!)

Answer 46

Fīat lūx!

Question 47

Greetings, (male and female) students!

Answer 47

Salvēte, discipulī discipulaeque!

Question 48

As indicated in the key for exercise V, the present-tense subjunctive may be translated “let verb,” “may verb,” or “should verb.” (In actual Latin sentences, context often determines or suggests the best alternative.)

Question 49

As indicated in the key for exercise VI, word order in Latin is variable. For example, verbs may come at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, and a noun subject may be found anywhere in the sentence—not necessarily at the beginning. As you check your sentence translations against the answer key, focus less on word order and more on noun, adjective, and verb forms and endings.