Lesson 3 - Port Flashcards
Packed general cargo
break bulk cargo
Neo bulk cargo
Unitized cargo
Unpacked bulk cargo
liquid bulk
Dry bulk
Break bulk cargo (BABODRUPABOCRA)
bags
barrels
drums
pallets
boxes
crates
Neo bulk cargo
lumber
paper
steel
cars
trucks
Unitized cargo
trailer
container
Liquid bulk
gasolin
LNG
chemicals
petroleum
crude oil
dry bulk
metals
coal
grain
iron core
minerals
cement
because goods are uneven and irregular, handling is difficult to mechanize
general cargo
handling this requires labor
general cargo
Category of Ports
Monofunctional ports
Polyfunctional ports
transit a limited array of commodities, most often dry or liquid bulks (raw materials)
monofunctional ports
vast harbors where transshipment and industrial activities are present
polyfunctional ports
they have a variety of specialized and general cargo piers linked to wide range of modes that can include containers, bulk cargo, or raw materials
polyfunctional ports
they are subject to active governance
port authorities and port holdings
public port authorities were created at the beginning of the 20th century
port authorities and port holdings
a governance structure became a standard that was adapted to many ports, leading to adaptation to local political and jurisdictional realities
port authorities and port holdings
an entity of state or local government that owns, operates, or otherwise provides wharf, dock, and other marine terminal investment and services at ports
port authority
an entity, commonly private that owns or leases port terminals in a variety of locations
port holding
it also known as port terminal operator
port holding
in an era characterized by lower levels of direct public involvement in the management of transport terminals and port privatization, specialized companies involved in the management of port terminals are finding opportunity to develop
port holding
is a long term lease of port facilities involving the requirement that the concessionaire undertakes capital investment to build, expand, or maintain the cargo-handling facilities, equipment, and infrastructure to satisfy a minimum level
concession agreements
a contract that gives a company the right to operate a specific business within government’s jurisdiction or on another firm’s property, subject to particular terms
concession agreements
a contract which a government transfer operating rights to private enterprise, which then engages in an activity contingent on government on government approval and subject to the terms of the contract. The contract may include the rehabilitation or construction of infrastructure by concessionaire.
concession agreement
current _______ underlines that ports are going beyond their own facilities to help accommodate additional traffic and the complexity of freight distribution, namely by improving hinterland transportation
development phase
is such an outcome and indicates a higher level of integration between maritime and inland transport systems, particularly by using rail and barge transportation, which are less prone congestion that road transportation.
port regionalization
especially large gateways, are facing wide array of local constrains that impair their growth and efficiency
ports
_____ thus enable to partially circumscribe local constrains by externalizing them
port regionalization
the port must have infrastructures such as piers, basins, stacking or storage areas, and equipment such as cranes, all which involve high levels of capital investment
infrastructure and equipment
rely on unique array of infrastructure including containers, stacking yard by gantry cranes, and the vehicles used to move containers around terminal, such as straddle carriers.
modern container terminals
also developed infrastructure to handle refrigerated containers (reefers) with separated stacking areas
container ports
access from the port to industrial complexes and markets ensure its growth and importance
land access
primary function of port
supply services to freight
at start cargo-oriented facilities involving wide array of activities related to their management and operations.
port
the ____ of port can expand through the intensification of its fundamental hinterland, the expansion of its hinterland to new areas, and the development of transshipment.
cargo base
many ports are also involved in other activities such as
fishing, ferries, cruises, and recreational activities
it is linked to variety of local and regional industrial activities as the largest ports in the world are gateways to large industrial regions
port throughput
major ports have established themselves as ____ of continental distribution systems and have access to high capacity inland freight distribution corridor, notably rail
gateways
ports are subject to ____
active governance
port authorities are created during ____
beginning of 20th century
became a standard that was adapted to many other ports, leading to adaptation to local political and jurisdictional realities
governance structure
for large port, concessions agreement have permitted the presence of more than one terminal operator competing over the port foreland and hinterland
intra-port competition
the development of global supply chains increased the pressure on maritime transport, port operations and on inland freight distributions, which in turn has incited the setting of _______ and transloading activities in the vicinity of port terminals.
satellite terminals
its i a process that can take place both of foreland and the hinterland to provide continuity between the maritime and inland freight transport system
regionalization
characterized by strong functional interdependency and even joint development of a specific load center and logistics platform in the hinterland.
port regionalization
global production and consumption have substantially changed distribution with the emergence of regional production systems as well as large consumer markets
supply chain management
_____ is required to ensure connectivity within the global trading system
transshipment
developed to service smaller ports unable to accommodate larger containerships, which is common because of the limited draft and port infrastructure
transshipment
is a port terminal used for ship-to-ship operations within a maritime transport system.
intermediate hub (or transshipment hub)
has often been used to characterize such locations because cargo handled at the port of destination is transshipped at a location commonly in third country
offshore hub
