Lesson 3: Functional Systems of the Cell Flashcards
Protects cellular contents; makes contact with other cells; contains
channels, transporters, receptors, enzymes, cell-identity markers, and linker proteins; mediates entry and exit of substances.
Plasma membrane
Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in
the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Fluid in which many of cell’s metabolic reactions occur.
Cytosol
maintains shape and general organization of
cellular contents; responsible for cell movements.
Cytoskeleton
move fluids over cell’s surface
Cilia
move entire cell
Flagella
used for
growth of the mitotic spindle and microtubule formation.
Tubulins
Protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that are transferred to cellular organelles, inserted into plasma membrane, or secreted during exocytosis
Rough ER
synthesizes fatty acids
and steroids, inactivates or detoxifies drugs, removes phosphate group from glucose-6-phosphate, and stores and releases calcium
ions in muscle cells.
Smooth ER
accepts proteins from rough ER
Entry (cis) face
form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins
Medial cisternae
modifies molecules further, then sorts and packages them
for transport to their destinations
Exit (trans) face
Fuses with and digests contents of endosomes, phagosomes, and vesicles formed during bulk-phase endocytosis and transports final products of digestion into cytosol; digests worn-out organelles (autophagy), entire cells (autolysis), and extracellular materials
Lysosome
Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide and associated free radicals.
Peroxisome
Degrades unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting them
into small peptides.
Proteasomes
Site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that produce most of a cell’s ATP. Plays an important early role in apoptosis.
Mitochondrion
