Lesson 1: Internal environment & Body's Feedback System

Question 1

is the

science of body structures and the relationships among them.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

is the science of body

functions—how the body parts work.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

This very basic level can be compared to the
letters of the alphabet and includes atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions, and
molecules, two or more atoms joined together

Answer 3

Chemical level

Question 4

Molecules combine to form cells, the basic

structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals.

Answer 4

Cellular level

Question 5

smallest living units in

the human body

Answer 5

Cells

Question 6

Tissues are groups of cells and the materials
surrounding them that work together to perform a particular
function, similar to the way words are put together to form
sentences.

Answer 6

Tissue level

Question 7

covers body surfaces, lines

hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands.

Answer 7

Epithelial tissue

Question 8

connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing
blood vessels to other tissues

Answer 8

Connective tissue

Question 9

contracts to make

body parts move and generates heat

Answer 9

Muscular tissue

Question 10

carries
information from one part of the body to another through nerve
impulses

Answer 10

Nervous tissue

Question 11

different types of tissues are

joined together.

Answer 11

Organ level

Question 12

structures that are composed of two
or more diff erent types of tissues; they have specific functions
and usually have recognizable shapes

Answer 12

Organ

Question 13

A system consists of related organs with a

common function

Answer 13

System level

Question 14

All the
parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total
organism

Answer 14

Organismal level

Question 15

any living

individual

Answer 15

Organism

Question 16

is the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the

body’s internal environment

Answer 16

Homeostasis

Question 17

dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals that are found inside cells as well as surrounding
them

Answer 17

Body fluids

Question 18

Fluid within the cells

Answer 18

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 19

fluid outside body cells

Answer 19

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 20

The ECF that fills the narrow

spaces between cells of tissues is known as

Answer 20

Interstitial Fluid

Question 21

. Because extracellular fluid surrounds the cells of the body, it serves as the body’s ______ ______

Answer 21

Internal environment

Question 22

_____ ______ of the

body is the space that surrounds the entire body

Answer 22

External environment

Question 23

The internal environment of the body refers to the extracellular fluid (2)
that surrounds body cells

Answer 23

Interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 24

Also known as feedback loop, is a cycle of events in which the status of a body
condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated,
and so on.

Answer 24

Feedback system

Question 25

is a body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center

Answer 25

Receptor

Question 26

A pathway, since the information flows toward the control center

Answer 26

Afferent pathway

Question 27

is in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals

Answer 27

Input

Question 28

sets the narrow range or set point within which a controlled condition should
be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, and
generates output commands when they are needed

Answer 28

Control center

Question 29

from

the control center typically occurs as nerve impulses, or hormones or other chemical signals

Answer 29

Output

Question 30

A pathway, since the information flows

away from the control center.

Answer 30

Efferent pathway

Question 31

is a body structure that receives output
from the control center and produces a response or eff ect that
changes the controlled condition

Answer 31

Effector

Question 32

reverses

a change in a controlled condition

Answer 32

Negative feedback system

Question 33

pressure-sensitive nerve cells located in the walls of certain blood vessels,
detect the higher pressure.

Answer 33

Baroreceptors

Question 34

m tends to strengthen or reinforce a change

in one of the body’s controlled conditions

Answer 34

Positive feedback system