Lesson 2: Tiniest Living Structures Part I Flashcards
Fluid mosaic lipid bilayer (phospholipids, cholesterol, and
glycolipids) studded with proteins; surrounds cytoplasm.
Plasma membrane
Cellular contents between plasma membrane and
nucleus—cytosol and organelles.
Cytoplasm
Composed of water, solutes, suspended particles, lipid
droplets, and glycogen granules.
Cytosol
a network in the cytoplasm composed
of three protein filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Cytoskeleton
Specialized structures with characteristic shapes
Organelles
Pair of centrioles plus pericentriolar matrix.
Centrosome
numerous, short,
hairlike projections that extend from the surface of the cell
Cilia
similar in
structure to cilia but are typically much longer
Flagella
Composed of two subunits containing ribosomal RNA and
proteins; may be free in cytosol or attached to rough ER.
Ribosome
Membranous network of flattened sacs or tubules. Rough
ER is covered by ribosomes and is attached to the nuclear
envelope; smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Consists of 3–20 flattened membranous sacs called
cisternae; structurally and functionally divided into entry
(cis) face, medial cisternae, and exit (trans) face.
Golgi Complex
Vesicle formed from Golgi complex; contains digestive
enzymes.
Lysosome
Vesicle containing oxidases (oxidative enzymes) and
catalase (decomposes hydrogen peroxide);
new peroxisomes bud from preexisting ones.
Peroxisome
Tiny barrel-shaped structure that contains proteases
proteolytic enzymes
Proteasome
Consists of an external and an internal mitochondrial
membrane, cristae, and matrix; new mitochondria form
from preexisting ones.
Mitochondrion
Consists of a nuclear envelope with pores, nucleoli, and
chromosomes, which exist as a tangled mass of chromatin
in interphase cells.
Nucleus
