lesson 3: framework for maternal and child health nursing Flashcards
Care of woman
during childbirth; derived from
Greek word “obstare” (to keep
watch)
Obstetrics
derived from
Greek word, “pais” (child)
Pediatrics
Care of childbearing and
childrearing families.
Focus of MCN
Promotion and maintenance
of Optimal Family Health.
Primary Goal of MCN
- Preconceptual Health Care
- Care of the women during the 3
trimesters of pregnancy
> 1st Trimester – 1 st to 3rd months
> 2nd Trimester – 4 th to 6th months
> 3rd trimester – 7 th to 9th months - Care of the women during the
puerperium or 4 th trimester
- 6 weeks after childbirth - Care of the infants during the
perinatal period
- 6 weeks before conception and 6
weeks after birth - Care of children from birth to
adolescence
- Neonatal ( 28 days of life)
- Infancy ( 1 to 12 months)
- Adolescence ( after 18 years old) - Care in the settings varied from
birthing rooms, to PICU, to home
Goals of MCN/ Scope of
Nursing Practice
- MCN is Family Centered;
assessment must include both
family and individual
assessment. - MCN is Community Centered;
health of families depends on &
influences the health of
communities. - MCN is Evidence Based because
critical knowledge increases - MCN includes independent
nursing functions because teaching
& counselling are major
interventions. - MCN Nurse, Advocate (protects
the rights of family members,
including fetus) - Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention to protect health of new
generation. - MCN is a challenging role for
nurses
Philosophies of MCN
- Nursing Process
(ADPIE) - Evidence Based Practice
- Nursing Research
- Nursing Theory
Framework for MCN
- Health Promotion
- educating clients to be aware
of good health through teaching
and role modelling.
Ex. Family planning, teach the
importance of safe sex practice,
importance of immunizations. - Health Maintenance
- intervening to maintain
health when risk of illness is
present.
Ex. Encourage prenatal care,
importance of safeguarding
homes by childproofing it
against poisoning. - Health Restoration
- diagnosing and treating illness
using interventions that will
return client to wellness fast.
Ex. Care of child during illness,
care of woman during
pregnancy complications - Health Rehabilitation
● Preventing further
complications from an
illness
● Bringing client back to an
optimal state of wellness
● Helping client accept
inevitable death
Ex. Encourage continuous
therapies and medications
4 Phases of Health Care
number of births
per 1000 population
Birth Rate
number of
pregnancies per 1000 women of
childbearing age.
Fertility rate
number of
fetal deaths weighing more than
500g or more per 1000 live
births
Fetal Death Rate
number
of deaths per 1000 live births
occurring in the 1st 28 days of life
Neonatal Death Rate
➢ Perinatal Period - 6 weeks
before conception & 6 weeks
after childbirth
➢ Number of deaths of fetuses
weighing >500g and within
the 1st 28 days of life per 1000
birth
Perinatal Death Rate
number of
deaths per 1000 live births occurring
in the 1st 12 months of life
Infant Mortality Rate
number of deaths per 1000
population in children; 1 - 14 y/o
Childhood Mortality Rate
number
of maternal deaths per 100,000 live
births that occur as direct result of
reproductive process
Maternal Mortality Rate
reducing
the cost of health by closely
monitoring the cost of
personnel, use and brands of
supplies, length of hospital
stays, no. of procedures carried
out, and no. of referrals while
maintaining quality care
Trends in Healthcare
Environment
- Cost containment
➢ LDRP Rooms
(Labor–Delivery–Recovery–Postpartum)
A more natural childbirth
environment as a birthing room.
Family members are invited to stay to
be a part of childbirth.
➢ Retail Clinics or Emergent Care
Clinics located in shopping malls
➢ Ambulatory Clinics or at home to
avoid long hospital stays for
women and children
Trends in Healthcare
Environment
- Increasing Alternative Settings &
Styles for Healthcare
- Including Family in Healthcare
- Increasing Intensive Care Units
➢ NICU or ICN
➢ PICU - Regionalizing Intensive Care - ex.
Premature infant transferred to
regional hospital
Trends in Healthcare
Environment
- Increasing the Use of
Alternative Treatment
Modalities - alternative method
of therapies such as acupuncture
and therapeutic touch; herbal
remedies. - Increasing Reliance on Home
Care - decreased hospital stay - Increasing Use of Technology -
use of internet, charting in
computer, using Doppler - Free Birthing - women giving
birth without healthcare provider
supervision; unassisted birth - LAMAZE - breathing techniques
Trends in Healthcare
Environment
- Identifying and Reporting
Child Abuse - Child can bring a lawsuit when
they reach legal age - Informed Consent for invasive
procedure and any risk that
may harm the fetus - In divorced or blended
families, nurse has the right to
sign consent .
Legal Considerations
Note: Nurses are legally
responsible to protect the
rights of their client and
documentation is essential to
protect the nurse and justify
his or her actions
- Conception Issues
a. In Vitro Fertilization
b. Embryo Transfer
c. Cloning
d. Stem Cell Research
e. Surrogate Mothers - Abortion
- Fetal Rights vs Rights of the
Mother - Use of Fetal Tissue for
Research - Resuscitation
- No. of procedures or degree
of pain that a child should
asked to achieve better health - Balance between modern
technology and quality of life
Ethical Considerations of
Practice
- Conception Issues
a. In Vitro Fertilization
b. Embryo Transfer
c. Cloning
d. Stem Cell Research
e. Surrogate Mothers - Abortion
- Fetal Rights vs Rights of the
Mother - Use of Fetal Tissue for
Research - Resuscitation
- No. of procedures or degree
of pain that a child should
asked to achieve better health - Balance between modern
technology and quality of life
Ethical Considerations of
Practice
● Jan 2020 – WHO declared Covid-19 as a
public health emergency of international
concern and eventually as a global
pandemic in March 2020
● Results: Pandemic Response
> lockdowns
> curfew/ restrictions
> regulated non essential travel
> disrupted delivery services especially
non covid essentials health services
> disrupted routine health care system
including relief and from gender- based
violence
National Health Situation on
MCHN
