lesson 3: framework for maternal and child health nursing

Question 1

Care of woman
during childbirth; derived from
Greek word “obstare” (to keep
watch)

Answer 1

Obstetrics

Question 2

derived from
Greek word, “pais” (child)

Answer 2

Pediatrics

Question 3

Care of childbearing and
childrearing families.

Answer 3

Focus of MCN

Question 4

Promotion and maintenance
of Optimal Family Health.

Answer 4

Primary Goal of MCN

Question 5

1. Preconceptual Health Care
2. Care of the women during the 3
   trimesters of pregnancy
   > 1st Trimester – 1 st to 3rd months
   > 2nd Trimester – 4 th to 6th months
   > 3rd trimester – 7 th to 9th months
3. Care of the women during the
   puerperium or 4 th trimester
   - 6 weeks after childbirth
4. Care of the infants during the
   perinatal period
   - 6 weeks before conception and 6
   weeks after birth
5. Care of children from birth to
   adolescence
   - Neonatal ( 28 days of life)
   - Infancy ( 1 to 12 months)
   - Adolescence ( after 18 years old)
6. Care in the settings varied from
   birthing rooms, to PICU, to home

Answer 5

Goals of MCN/ Scope of
Nursing Practice

Question 6

1. MCN is Family Centered;
   assessment must include both
   family and individual
   assessment.
2. MCN is Community Centered;
   health of families depends on &
   influences the health of
   communities.
3. MCN is Evidence Based because
   critical knowledge increases
4. MCN includes independent
   nursing functions because teaching
   & counselling are major
   interventions.
5. MCN Nurse, Advocate (protects
   the rights of family members,
   including fetus)
6. Health Promotion and Disease
   Prevention to protect health of new
   generation.
7. MCN is a challenging role for
   nurses

Answer 6

Philosophies of MCN

Question 7

1. Nursing Process
   (ADPIE)
2. Evidence Based Practice
3. Nursing Research
4. Nursing Theory

Answer 7

Framework for MCN

Question 8

1. Health Promotion
   - educating clients to be aware
   of good health through teaching
   and role modelling.
   Ex. Family planning, teach the
   importance of safe sex practice,
   importance of immunizations.
2. Health Maintenance
   - intervening to maintain
   health when risk of illness is
   present.
   Ex. Encourage prenatal care,
   importance of safeguarding
   homes by childproofing it
   against poisoning.
3. Health Restoration
   - diagnosing and treating illness
   using interventions that will
   return client to wellness fast.
   Ex. Care of child during illness,
   care of woman during
   pregnancy complications
4. Health Rehabilitation
   ● Preventing further
   complications from an
   illness
   ● Bringing client back to an
   optimal state of wellness
   ● Helping client accept
   inevitable death
   Ex. Encourage continuous
   therapies and medications

Answer 8

4 Phases of Health Care

Question 9

number of births
per 1000 population

Answer 9

Birth Rate

Question 10

number of
pregnancies per 1000 women of
childbearing age.

Answer 10

Fertility rate

Question 11

number of
fetal deaths weighing more than
500g or more per 1000 live
births

Answer 11

Fetal Death Rate

Question 12

number
of deaths per 1000 live births
occurring in the 1st 28 days of life

Answer 12

Neonatal Death Rate

Question 13

➢ Perinatal Period - 6 weeks
before conception & 6 weeks
after childbirth
➢ Number of deaths of fetuses
weighing >500g and within
the 1st 28 days of life per 1000
birth

Answer 13

Perinatal Death Rate

Question 14

number of
deaths per 1000 live births occurring
in the 1st 12 months of life

Answer 14

Infant Mortality Rate

Question 15

number of deaths per 1000
population in children; 1 - 14 y/o

Answer 15

Childhood Mortality Rate

Question 16

number
of maternal deaths per 100,000 live
births that occur as direct result of
reproductive process

Answer 16

Maternal Mortality Rate

Question 17

reducing
the cost of health by closely
monitoring the cost of
personnel, use and brands of
supplies, length of hospital
stays, no. of procedures carried
out, and no. of referrals while
maintaining quality care

Answer 17

Trends in Healthcare
Environment

1. Cost containment

Question 18

➢ LDRP Rooms
(Labor–Delivery–Recovery–Postpartum)

A more natural childbirth
environment as a birthing room.
Family members are invited to stay to
be a part of childbirth.

➢ Retail Clinics or Emergent Care
Clinics located in shopping malls
➢ Ambulatory Clinics or at home to
avoid long hospital stays for
women and children

Answer 18

Trends in Healthcare
Environment

2. Increasing Alternative Settings &
   Styles for Healthcare

Question 19

3. Including Family in Healthcare
4. Increasing Intensive Care Units
   ➢ NICU or ICN
   ➢ PICU
5. Regionalizing Intensive Care - ex.
   Premature infant transferred to
   regional hospital

Answer 19

Trends in Healthcare
Environment

Question 20

6. Increasing the Use of
   Alternative Treatment
   Modalities - alternative method
   of therapies such as acupuncture
   and therapeutic touch; herbal
   remedies.
7. Increasing Reliance on Home
   Care - decreased hospital stay
8. Increasing Use of Technology -
   use of internet, charting in
   computer, using Doppler
9. Free Birthing - women giving
   birth without healthcare provider
   supervision; unassisted birth
10. LAMAZE - breathing techniques

Answer 20

Trends in Healthcare
Environment

Question 21

1. Identifying and Reporting
   Child Abuse
2. Child can bring a lawsuit when
   they reach legal age
3. Informed Consent for invasive
   procedure and any risk that
   may harm the fetus
4. In divorced or blended
   families, nurse has the right to
   sign consent .

Answer 21

Legal Considerations

Note: Nurses are legally
responsible to protect the
rights of their client and
documentation is essential to
protect the nurse and justify
his or her actions

Question 22

1. Conception Issues
   a. In Vitro Fertilization
   b. Embryo Transfer
   c. Cloning
   d. Stem Cell Research
   e. Surrogate Mothers
2. Abortion
3. Fetal Rights vs Rights of the
   Mother
4. Use of Fetal Tissue for
   Research
5. Resuscitation
6. No. of procedures or degree
   of pain that a child should
   asked to achieve better health
7. Balance between modern
   technology and quality of life

Answer 22

Ethical Considerations of
Practice

Question 23

1. Conception Issues
   a. In Vitro Fertilization
   b. Embryo Transfer
   c. Cloning
   d. Stem Cell Research
   e. Surrogate Mothers
2. Abortion
3. Fetal Rights vs Rights of the
   Mother
4. Use of Fetal Tissue for
   Research
5. Resuscitation
6. No. of procedures or degree
   of pain that a child should
   asked to achieve better health
7. Balance between modern
   technology and quality of life

Answer 23

Ethical Considerations of
Practice

Question 24

● Jan 2020 – WHO declared Covid-19 as a
public health emergency of international
concern and eventually as a global
pandemic in March 2020
● Results: Pandemic Response
> lockdowns
> curfew/ restrictions
> regulated non essential travel
> disrupted delivery services especially
non covid essentials health services
> disrupted routine health care system
including relief and from gender- based
violence

Answer 24

National Health Situation on
MCHN