lesson 2: signs of pregnancy Flashcards
Amenorrhea
Nausea and vomiting
Increased urinary frequency
Enlargement of breasts
Vaginal discoloration
Quickening (16th -18th week)
Presumptive Sign
Enlargement of the uterus
Chadwick’s sign, Goodell’s sign and Hegar’s sign
Braxton Hicks contractions - sporadic contraction and
relaxation of uterine muscles, starts at 6 wks AOG, usually
felt until 2nd-3rd trimester
Ballottement - a sharp upward pushing against the uterine
wall with a finger inserted into the vagina by feeling the
return of impact of the displaced uterus
Positive pregnancy test
Probable Signs
Probable Signs : Types of Pregnancy Tests
- urine of pregnant woman containing
chorionic gonadotrophic when injected into certain animals will stimulate ovarian function of gonadal activity
Biological Test
Probable Signs: Types of Pregnancy Tests
- make use of a prepared reagent,
which is mixed with the urine being tested
Immunologic Test
false pregnancy
Pseudocyesis
hormonal imbalance ,emotional stress, or
illness
AMENORRHEA
gastrointestinal disorders , pyrexia
illness , cerebral irritation
MORNING SICKNESS
uti or pelvic tumors
Bladder irritability
intestinal movements “ wind “
Quickening
contraceptive pills
Breast changes
- any form of vaginal bleeding
- sudden gush of fluid from the vagina
- presence of regular contractions before the expected date of confinement
- severe headache and visual disturbance
- facial edema
- intractable vomiting
- epigastric pain
- fever and chills
Danger Signs of Pregnancy
First visit:
As soon as the woman suspects she is pregnant.
After first missed period.
Subsequent visits:
1 – 8 months: monthly
8th month: every 2 weeks
9th month: weekly
Prenatal Care
Monitor height and weight
⚫ Normal weight gain
⚫ 1st Trimester = 1.5 lbs-3 lbs 1 lb/month
⚫ 2nd Trimester = 10-12 lbs 4 lbs/month
⚫ 3rd Trimester = 10-12 lbs 4 lbs/month
Minimum allowable weight gain 20-25 lbs
Optimal weight gain 25-35 lbs
⚫ Monitor vital signs
Prenatal Care
PHYSICAL EXAM
To evaluate gestational age (Bartholomew’s Rule)
18-32 weeks:
fundal height (in cm) = fetal age (in weeks)
16 weeks:
fundal halfway between symphysis pubis and umbilicus
20-22 weeks:
fundus at the umbilicus
36 weeks: fundus at the xiphoid process
Measurement of Fundal Height
Pelvic examination or IE - empty bladder, precaution
1st visit - Chadwicks, Goodell’s sign, etc
Position - dorsal recumbent, lithotomy
Pap smear - done 1st visit
Pelvic Examination
