LESSON 3: DEMONSTRATION OF FUNGAL STRUCTURES IN TISSUES Flashcards
2 Diagnostic clues
- patient
- specimen
patient includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Travel history
Occupational history
Leisure activities
Cultural
Immune status
At risk vulnerable
in specimen macroscopic includes:
1.
2.
Abscess
Cavitation
in specimen microscopic includes:
Granuloma
Neutrophil
necrosis
lymphocytes
Amount of tissue obtained
Limitations
Tissue processing using H and E
Architectural distortion
This stain is All fungi show pink cytoplasm, blue nuclei, no color for the wall.
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E)
What are the 9 Stains
- Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E)
- Periodic Acid Schiff
- Grocott’s/ Gomori Methanamine Silver (GMS)
- Mucin Stain
- Gridley Stain
- alcian Blue
- Flurorescent antibody stain
- Giemsa stain
- India Ink
This stain detects glycogen in tissues, fungal walls contain large amount of glycogen
periodic acid schiff
silver nitrate outlines fungi in black due to the silver precipitating on the fungi cell wall.
grocotts/ gomori methenamine silver (GMS)
The internal parts of hyphae are deep, rose to black, and the background is light green
grocotts/ gomori methenamine silver (GMS)
also known as mayer or southgate mucicarmine stain
Mucin stain
stains mucopolysaccharides including the capsules of a variety of organism; also stains mucus which can be present in a variety of human cells
mucin stain
stains capsules of cryptococcus neoformans deep rose
mucin stain
stains the walls of most fungi
Gridley stain
hyphae and yeast stain dark blue or rose
gridley stain
tissues stain deep blue and background is yellow
Gridley stain
Useful to highlight the capsules of cryptococcus spp. which appear red or blue depending on the stain used.
Alcian blue
Simple, sensitive, and extremely specific method of detecting fungi in tissues of fluids.
fluorescent antibody stain
applications for many different fungal organisms
fluorescent antibody stain
used for blood and bone marrow specimens
Giemsa stain
_____________ is an intracellular organism, which appears as small oval - pear shaped yeast like cells with crescent shaped, red stained protoplasm surrounded by clear halo in segmented neutrophils.
Giemsa stain
what are the three bacterial stain used:
1.
2.
3.
Gram stain
Brown and Brenn
Modified Acid fast stain
Generally, fungi are gram positive
Gram stain
Actinomyces spp. and nocardia spp are gram variable
gram stain
Used to differentiate the acid fast nocardia spp. from other aerobic actinomyces spp.
Modified acid fast stain
very popular for quick evaluation of fungal structures
lactophenol cotton blue
will stain the chitin in cell walls of fungi
lactophenol cotton blue
What are the two fungal structures in tissues
1.
2.
yeast
sporangia/spherules
hyphae
mucormycosis coenocytic
phaeohyphomycosis
granules
fission bodies
combination of yeast cells and pseudohyphae
brain and subcutaneous abscess
dermatiaceous
phaeohypomycosis
broad budding yeat (10-15 microns )
the morphology is consistent with blastomyces dermatitidis however, endospores of coccidoides spp. candida spp. histoplasma spp. cryptococcus spp. and aspergillus conidia can be confused histologically
narrow based budding yeast (4-10 microns in size)
The morphology is cryptococcus spp. however, candida spp and histoplasma can be confused
small yeast (2-4 microns in size) with narrow baseed budding grouped in cluster inside macrophages
the morphology is consistent with histoplasma capsulatom; however, small variant of B. dermatitis, capsule deficient cryptococcus endospores of coccicoides spp.. pneumocystis jivrocii, penicillum marneffei and candida glabrata can be confused.
spherules with multiple endospores
morphology is consistent with coccidicoides spp. however, blastomyces spp. histoplasma spp. candida spp. pneumocytis spp and other yeast can be confused histologically when no spherules are present.
In addition, __________ has sporangia with endospores which are larger
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Thin walled spheres 92-5 microns in size) with intrancystic foci
- pneumocystys pneumonia
variable size yeast (4-60 microns in size) should not be confused with sporothrix spp. and cryptoccus spp.
described as pilot wheel
paracoccicoides brasiliensis
Asteroid bodies (star like eosinophilic material surrounding yeasts or yeast like structures are found in up to 92% of sporotrichosis
the morphology is consistent with sporothrix schenckii. however, candida glabrara, histoplasma spp. leishmania spp. and sarcoidosis can have this morphology
small yeast (3-5) intermingled with pseudohyphae and hyphae
- yeasts with pseudohyphae
The morphogically is consistent with candida spp. aspergillus spp. and other hyaline fungi can be confused histogically
non pigmented hyaline septated hyphae with acute angle branching
the morphology is consistent with aspergillus spp. fusarium spp. scedosporium spp. trichoderma spp. paecilomyces spp. and others. mucorales genera can have this morphology sometimes
non pigmented, pauciseptate ribbon like hyphae with right angle branching
the morphology is consistent with mucorales genera; however, aspergillus spp. and other septated hyaline hyphae can sometimes have this morphology
pigmented irregular hyphae and yeastlike structure both with septations
the morphology is consisted with dermatiaceous fungi including madurella spp. fonsecaea spp., cladophialophora spp., exophiala spp., curvularia spp., bipolaris spp., and others.
