Lesson 3: Cell Structure and Taxonomy

Question 1

Simple Cells

Answer 1

Prokaryotic

Question 2

Complex Cells

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 3

Bacteria, Archaea, Cyanobacteria

Question 4

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 4

Algae, Fungi, Protozoa

Question 5

Acellular Microorganisms- not true living cells

Answer 5

Prions, viruses

Question 6

Cellular Microorganisms

Answer 6

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 7

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 7

simple cells, do not contain true nucleus, DNA is not enclosed within membrane, genetic material loosely fills cell interior, lack membrane bound organelle, reproduce through binary fission, are simple but still live, reproduce, take in food, adapt to environment, and mutate

Question 8

Prokaryotic cell structure: Chromosome

Answer 8

genetic material, nucleoid, DNA- controls cells activity

Question 9

Prokaryotic cell structure: Cytoplasm

Answer 9

semi-liquid that contains substances required for metabolic function (water, enzymes, oxygen, protein, nutrients, etc.)

Question 10

Prokaryotic cell structure: Cell Membrane

Answer 10

membrane enclosing cytoplasm, controls what substances enter or leave cell

Question 11

Prokaryotic cell structure: Ribosomes

Answer 11

cytoplasmic particles that synthesize protein

Question 12

Prokaryotic cell structure: Cell Wall

Answer 12

Rigid structure that protects cell and gives it shape

Question 13

Prokaryotic cell structure: Glycocalyx

Answer 13

slimy material made by cell membrane that surrounds cell wall, enables bacteria to attach to mucous membrane surfaces, includes slime layer or capsule

Question 14

Prokaryotic cell structure: Glycocalyx- Slime Layer

Answer 14

allows bacteria to slide along solid surfaces

Question 15

Prokaryotic cell structure: Glycocalyx- Capsule

Answer 15

protects bacteria from phagocytosis

Question 16

Prokaryotic cell structure: Pili (Fimbriae)

Answer 16

hairlike, allows bacteria to attach to surfaces or transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another

Question 17

Prokaryotic cell structure: Flagella

Answer 17

threadlike, allows bacteria to move

Question 18

Spores (Endospores)

Answer 18

thick protein structure, surrounds genetic material, resistant to heat, cold, drying, many chemicals, can be found in blood, respiratory secretions and bodily fluids. can survive in dried bodily fluids, on surfaces, can remain dormant for years

Question 19

Sporicides

Answer 19

chemical disinfectant needed to kill sporicidal bacteria, require prolonged instrument soaking

Question 20

Spores

Answer 20

can cause diseases if ingested, inhaled, or introduced to body via cuts, wounds, or burns, can cause issues in dead bodies such as tissue gas

Question 21

Diseases or conditions caused by spore-forming bacteria

Answer 21

anthrax, botulism, gas gangrene, tetanus, tissue gas, wound infections

Question 22

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 22

true nucleus, genetic material is encased in nuclear membrane, contain many organelles with their own specific structures, 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells, divide by mitosis and meiosis, contain cell membrane, nuclear membrane, nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, centrioles, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Cell Theory

Answer 23

All living organisms are composed of cells, all cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 24

basic characteristics of life (cells)

Answer 24

cells obtain food to produce energy, have the ability to grow and reproduce, can respond to stimuli in its environment, can mutate and adapt to changes in its environment

Question 25

characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Answer 25

divide by binary fission, have genetic material made of a chromosome of DNA, have complex cell wall structure containing peptidoglycan, are primitive cells but do not have a true nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

Question 26

what structure functions in controlling a prokaryotic cells activities?

Answer 26

chromosome- which contains the genetic material (DNA) that controls the activities of the cell. Although a nucleus also controls the cells activities a nucleus is not found in a prokaryotic cell. It is found in a eukaryotic cell.

Question 27

what is the function of prokaryotic pili?

Answer 27

allows the bacteria to attach to surfaces, and another type of pili allow transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another

Question 28

what structure can protect the bacteria from phagocytosis?

Answer 28

capsules- this will allow the bacteria to survive longer

Question 29

what structure helps the cell in motility?

Answer 29

flagella

Question 30

what structure defines/gives shape to the bacteria?

Answer 30

cell wall- the cell wall is rigid and gives bacterium its shape, it is a complex structure containing peptidoglycan

Question 31

what is the basic function of the cell wall of bacteria?

Answer 31

protection

Question 32

what is the cytoplasm?

Answer 32

the semi-liquid structure that contains the material the cell requires for metabolic function, it contains nutrients, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, water, enzymes and everything else the cell needs to live.

Question 33

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 33

a membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and controls substances that enter or exit the cell, it is considered selectively permeable.

Question 34

what structure functions in protein synthesis?

Answer 34

ribosomes

Question 35

what is referred to as the systematic classification of living organisms?

Answer 35

Taxonomy

Question 36

True or False: the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex are found in eukaryotic cells, never prokaryotic cells?

Answer 36

True- the endoplasmic reticulum is a eukaryotic structure that functions in transporting nutrients to the nucleus and provides structural support for the cell. The golgi complex are also eukaryotic structures that function in secretory processes of the cell. Prokaryotic cells do not contain these two structures.