Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology topic 1 > Lesson 3: Cell Structure > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Cell Structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is magnification?

A

ratio of image size to object size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is resolution?

A

the ability to distinguish between objects that are close together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some features of the optical microscope?

A

lower magnification (x2000) and resolution.
Less expensive
preparation of specimen is simple
specimen can be dead or alive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some features of electron microscopes?

A

higher magnification (x500,000) and resolution.
more expensive
preparation of specimen is complex.
specimen must be dead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Magnification equation

A

Magnification = image size / actual size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structures common to all cells

A

Genetic material
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some features of prokaryotes?

A

Simpler and smaller
no membrane-bound organelles
Nucleoid Region
70s ribosomes
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan (murein).
Flagella does not have a 9+2 arrangement.
Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleoid region

A

Consists of a singular supercoiled chromosome and small loops of DNA called plasmids.
plasmids contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells?

A
  • damaging substances kept separate
  • optimal conditions for certain processes
  • # + location of organelles can be altered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plant cells vs. Animal cells

A

Plant cells have a large and permanent vacuole, cell wall and chloroplast.
Animal cells have lysosomes and centrosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of Nucleolus

A

creates ribosomes to go and latch onto the rough ER.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of nuclear envelope

A

has nuclear pores to let relatively large molecules to pass through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

site of aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of free ribosomes

A

makes proteins for the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of bounded ribosomes

A

makes proteins that will be secreted (released) from the cell.

17
Q

Function of golgi apparatus

A

Modifies and packages proteins from the rough ER into secretory vesicles to be secreted out of the cell.

18
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

contains powerful hydrolytic digestive enzymes used to break down material.

19
Q

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

proteins produced by the bound ribosomes move into the lumen (space) to be packaged into vesicles that go to the golgi apparatus.

20
Q

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

lipid synthesis, detoxification and storage of calcium ions in cell.

21
Q

Function of cytoskeleton (centrioles)

A

provide mechanical strength to cells and enables cell movement.

22
Q

Function of vacuole

A

uptake of water for rigidity of plant cell and stores nutrition.

23
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis.

24
Q

Explain the process of endosymbiosis

A

Large prokaryotic cells engulfed smaller ones.
Some engulfed cells could use oxygen to make energy (became mitochondria).
Others could use sunlight to make energy (became chloroplasts).

25
Q

What are some evidence for endosymbiosis?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, separate from the nucleus.
Their sizes are similar to bacteria.
Binary fission is similar to bacteria.
Contain 70s ribosomes which are only present in bacteria cells.

26
Q

What are the walls of plant cells made of?

A

cellulose

27
Q

What do plant cells store carbs as?

A

starch

28
Q

what is the shape of plant cells?

A

Rigid and fixed in shape

29
Q

what are fungi cell walls made of?

A

chitin

30
Q

what do fungal cells store carbs as?

A

glycogen

31
Q

Which ones do fungal cells have (flagella, cilia, basal bodies)?

A

has cilia, flagella but no basal bodies

32
Q

Which ones do animal cells have (flagella, cilia, basal bodies)?

A

all

33
Q

Which ones do plant cells have (flagella, cilia, basal bodies)?

A

none

34
Q

What are some evidences for LUCA in general?

A

All cells share the same genetic code.
All cells use DNA and RNA as their genetic information.
All living organisms have similar transport mechanisms in and out of the cell.

35
Q

Why is a large SA:V ratio important?

A

increased rate of exchange (waste + opposite of waste)in cells

Biology topic 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions